Burden of informal caregivers of stroke survivors: Validation of the Zarit burden interview in an African population

Imarhiagbe, Frank Aiwansoba; Asemota, AU; Oripelaye, BA; Akpekpe, JE; Owolabi, AA; Abidakun, AO; Akemokwe, Fatai; Ogundare, VO; Azeez, AL; Osakue, JO

doi:10.4103/aam.aam_213_16

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The mean age of CGs in this study was 42.8 (±12.6) years, which is in keeping with other studies reviewed. [4611] Majority of CGs were female, married spouses of SSs also in agreement with other studies reviewed. [4671823] These findings are not unusual because, in most African communities, family CG roles are mostly ascribed to female spouses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Caregiver burden refers to alterations in CGs emotional and physical health which can occur when care demands outweigh available resources,[10] the extent to which CGs feels there emotional, physical, social life, and financial status has suffered as a result of caregiving,[11] which indeed affects their overall health and quality of life (QoL). [12] Caregiver burden has been shown to have cumulative negative effects on SSs treatment outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of caregiver burden after stroke in Nigeria: Effect on psychosocial well-being

Oni

Olagunju

Okpataku

et al. 2019

Indian J Psychiatry

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Background:Family caregivers (CGs) are critical to the care and recovery of stroke survivors (SSs), particularly in the community. However, little is known about their psychosocial well-being, especially in developing countries. In this study, we assessed CG burden, psychiatric morbidity, quality of life (QoL), and predictors of burden.Materials and Methods:We recruited 150 dyads of CGs/SSs from two outpatient clinics in Nigeria. Data were collected through sociodemographic/clinical questionnaire, the Zarit caregiver burden interview, the World Health Organization QoL-BREF, and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Disability in SSs was graded with the Modified Rankin Scale.Results:Compared to CGs who were mostly females (86.7%) with a mean age of 42.8 (±12.6) years, SSs were older with a mean age of 61.6 (±12.5) years and were mainly males (62.7%). The mean CG burden score was 31.6 (±10.5) and eight in 10 CGs, 124 (82.7%) reported moderate-to-severe burden scores. Mental disorders in the form of depression and/or anxiety disorders were diagnosed in 26 (17.3%) CGs. Significant predictors of high-burden scores (P < 0.05) were incontinence in SSs, psychological symptoms in SS, worse poststroke disability, and performance of more CG tasks (B = 8.3, 4.5, 3.9, and 3.5, respectively). CGs QoL scores correlated negatively with burden scores, with medium-to-large effect sizes (r = −0.4–−0.6) across QoL spheres.Conclusion:In this study, psychosocial burden in CGs was indexed by various determinants and impacted QoL negatively. Given the integral role of CGs to the care of SSs in the community, mental health services, psychosocial support programs, and stratification based on known vulnerability factors seems viable options for intervention, assessment, and planning.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of caregiver burden after stroke in Nigeria: Effect on psychosocial well-being

Oni

Olagunju

Okpataku

et al. 2019

Indian J Psychiatry

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“…Thus, they are prone to bear care burden. [ 29 , 30 ] In this study, only 31.6% of the caregivers had no burden or light burden, and 68.4% of the caregivers had moderate burden and above, indicating that care stress of stroke caregivers are ubiquitous. [ 31 ] Literature review showed that the risk of anxiety and depression increased by 60% to 70% with each 1 unit increase of the caregiver burden.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Relationship between the anxiety/depression and care burden of the major caregiver of stroke patients

et al. 2018

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To investigate the anxiety/depression of caregivers of stroke patients.This study used a cross-sectional survey design and convenience sampling.Totally, 117 caregivers of stroke patients were enrolled. Data were collected from questionnaires. Hamilton anxiety scale, Hamilton depression scale, and Zarit caregiver burden interview were performed. Multiple linear regression and correlation analysis were used.The anxiety score, depression score and total burden score of 117 stroke caregivers were 16.56 ± 8.02, 18.63 ± 9.39, and 25.88 ± 10.35, respectively. Anxiety symptoms, mild to moderate depressive symptoms, and severe depressive symptoms were found in 43.9%, 26.5%, and 27.4% of the caregivers, respectively. Daily care time and medical payment method were influencing factors for anxiety and depression (P < .05). Both anxiety and depression were positively correlated with total care burden score (P < .01).Anxiety and depression are common in the caregivers of stroke patients and are closely related to care burdens. In this regard, appropriate home care guidance, psychological counseling and social support should be provided to the caregivers to reduce their physical and mental burden.

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“…The SPB may threaten individuals' coping and continued progress following stroke. Most studies, however, focused on the burden of caregivers of stroke survivors ( 11 ) or were cross-sectional studies ( 8 – 10 ). Despite existing evidence that SPB experienced by stroke patients affects stroke rehabilitation, emotional and mental health, and QOL, studies on the SPB of patients in the acute and recovery phase shortly after stroke are inadequate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors and Changes of Self-Perceived Burden Among Stroke Survivors: A 3-Month Follow-Up Study

Wei

Ren

et al. 2020

Front. Neurol.

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Background and Purpose: Patients' self-perceived burden (SPB) is associated with distress, which has a potentially negative influence on disease rehabilitation and quality of life. Stroke represents a significant health and social burden. The aim of the study was to assess, compare, and identify predictors of SPB in stroke survivors during the first 3 months post-stroke. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was used. Consecutive stroke inpatients were recruited from the neurology department of three general hospitals in Xi'an, China. Patients were surveyed using the Self-perceived Burden Scale (SPBS) on the fourth day of admission (Acute phase, Time 1, T1) and 1 month (Time 2, T2) and 3 months (Time 3, T3) post-stroke. Results: Considerable burden was experienced by 84.15–91.50% of patients in the first 3 months post-stroke. The mean score of physical burden was the highest. Over time, physical, emotional, and economic burden all declined. The following characteristics had significant association with increased patient SPB at T1, T2, and T3: age, self-evaluated economic pressure, comorbidity, and functional status ( P < 0.01). Patients' knowledge about stroke was only significantly associated with SPB at T3 ( P < 0.01). Conclusions: Patients experienced a high degree of SPB in the early stage after stroke. Addressing the characteristics and predicting factors as well as the development of a targeted intervention for SPB may improve survival and post-stroke disability.

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Burden of informal caregivers of stroke survivors: Validation of the Zarit burden interview in an African population

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

Predictors of caregiver burden after stroke in Nigeria: Effect on psychosocial well-being

Predictors of caregiver burden after stroke in Nigeria: Effect on psychosocial well-being

Relationship between the anxiety/depression and care burden of the major caregiver of stroke patients

Predictors and Changes of Self-Perceived Burden Among Stroke Survivors: A 3-Month Follow-Up Study

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