Burden of hypertension in China: A nationally representative survey of 174,621 adults

Li, Yichong; Yang, Ling; Wang, Limin; Zhang, Mei; Huang, Zhengjing; Deng, Qian; Zhou, Maigeng; Chen, Zhengming

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.10.110

Cited by 175 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

126

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It was also found that the influencing factors for hypertension in our study were increasing age, gender, living in urban areas, overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, and family history of hypertension. This was partly consistent with many other previous studies [12,[14][15][16]. Our study also showed that highly educated people usually had a lower rate of hypertension than those with low education levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in northeast China: a population-based cross-sectional survey

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hypertension has been recognized as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to analyze the current prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in northeast China. This cross-sectional survey adopted the multistage stratified random cluster sampling method to obtain a representative sample of adults aged 40 years or older in the general population of northeast China. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mm Hg, or self-reported use of antihypertensive medications in the last 2 weeks irrespective of BP. Altogether 4052 participants were included with weighted prevalence of hypertension of 57.3%. Among them, 47.4% were aware of their condition; 78.8% took antihypertensive medication, but only 10.2% had their blood pressure controlled. Individuals who were overweight/obesity, with dyslipidemia, or diabetes were at a higher risk of hypertension; these people also more likely to be aware of their condition. Subjects with a personal history of stroke were more inclined to receive antihypertensive medication, but that did not necessarily translate to well-controlled hypertension. Moreover, dyslipidemia (OR = 0.600; 95% CI: 0.375, 0.960) were associated with poor hypertension control. Subjects using combination of antihypertensive medications (OR = 2.924; 95% CI: 1.606, 5.325) or with a family history of coronary heart disease were more likely to have their blood pressure controlled. Our study identified a high prevalence of hypertension in northeast China. Although awareness and treatment rates improved over the last decade, the control rate remained disproportionately and unacceptably low.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in northeast China: a population-based cross-sectional survey

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our study addressed a gap in intergroup variations in individual cardiovascular risk factor prevalence, which had several [21]. In addition to differences in genetic backgrounds, dietary intake of high salt and high fat appeared to be major environmental factors that contributed to high BP in this ethnic group, especially for Kazakh nomads; this is supported by this study and our previous study [13].…”

Section: Epidemic Of Cardiovascular Risk Factorssupporting

confidence: 66%

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and its Transition: An Ongoing Cohort Study in Chinese Kazakhs

Jiang¹,

Zhang²,

Hou³

et al. 2017

Recent Trends in Cardiovascular Risks

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies on the prevalence of risk factors and the incidence for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are limited in Kazakh population. By incorporating nomads, farmers, and urban residents, aged 30 years or older, in a cohort study, we investigated the characteristics of cardiovascular risk factors and their temporal trends that arose from the urbanization and subsequent changes in the lifestyle in a Kazakh population with 1668 participants. We used current guidelines and the monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease (MONICA) standard to define cardiovascular events. Kazakhs had a high prevalence rate of hypertension (45.3%), and this prevalence was much higher than the national average in China. Prevalence of two or more risk factors was highest among urban people and lowest among nomads. Urban residents have the highest prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and obesity compared with farmers and nomads. However, unlike other studies, our data indicate that young men had the highest prevalence of dyslipidemia, and it decreased significantly thereafter. Crude rates of incidence and mortality for acute cardiovascular events were 742 and 194 per 100,000 people, respectively; the standardized rates were 926 and 272 per 100,000 people, respectively. The findings from this study demonstrate the pervasive burden of cardiovascular risk factors and the related acute cardiovascular events in Kazakhs, particularly BP in Kazakh nomads.

show abstract

“…A national epidemiological investigation [4] found that the prevalence of hypertension increased from 18.0% to 27.8% from 2002 to 2013 in China, which means that there were 139 million newly diagnosed patients with hypertension. Therefore, it is likely that HT will continue to increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most significant of these noncommunicable diseases because its burden has become increasingly severe [2]. At present, there are over 100 million people with CKD in China [3], a prevalence that most likely will continue to increase due to the increasing incidence of hypertension [4], obesity [5], and type 2 diabetes mellitus [6,7] and due to the increasing average age of the population [8]. Therefore, updated epidemiological studies evaluating the spectrum of kidney diseases that lead to CKD are needed for the purposes of improving patient care, disease prevention, and public health interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Spectrum of Kidney Diseases: An Analysis of 40,759 Biopsy-Proven Cases from 2003 to 2014 in China

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: To evaluate the changing spectrum of kidney diseases over time in China using renal biopsy-proven cases. Methods: All patients over the age of 14 years who were diagnosed with a kidney disease by renal biopsy in the Renal Biopsy Registry of the National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases in Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, from 2003 to 2014 were included. Results: In total, 40,759 cases of renal biopsy were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 36.59 ± 14.12 years. 52.0% of the patients were male. Primary glomerulonephritis (PGN), secondary glomerulonephritis, tubulointerstitial disease, and hereditary renal diseases accounted for 67.1, 26.4, 2.9, and 2.5%, respectively. IgA nephropathy (IgAN), membranous nephropathy (MN), minimal change disease, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis were the leading PGN diagnoses. The frequency of MN increased significantly (p < 0.001) by doubling from 2003 to 2014. An analysis by age category indicated that the frequency of MN increased significantly over time (p < 0.001) in all age categories and increased by more than 2 times in the 14-24 age category. Lupus nephritis (LN) and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) decreased significantly (p < 0.001), diabetic nephropathy (DN) increased nearly twice (p < 0.001), monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD) tripled (p < 0.001), and hypertensive nephropathy (HT) (p < 0.001) and renal amyloidosis (AMY) (p < 0.05) showed an upward trend. An analysis by age category showed that hepatitis B-related nephritis has significantly decreased in the 14-24 age category (p < 0.001). Conclusion: PGN continued to be the predominant kidney disease in China with IgAN being the most common PGN. The frequency of MN increased significantly, with a maximum increase in young adults. LN and HSPN decreased significantly, DN and MIDD increased significantly, and HT and AMY also showed an increasing trend. The kidney disease trends presented in this study serve as a reference point for patient care, disease prevention, and public health interventions.

show abstract

Burden of hypertension in China: A nationally representative survey of 174,621 adults

Cited by 175 publications

References 43 publications

Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in northeast China: a population-based cross-sectional survey

Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in northeast China: a population-based cross-sectional survey

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and its Transition: An Ongoing Cohort Study in Chinese Kazakhs

Changes in the Spectrum of Kidney Diseases: An Analysis of 40,759 Biopsy-Proven Cases from 2003 to 2014 in China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About