Burden of breast cancer and attributable risk factors in the North Africa and Middle East region, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Azadnajafabad, Sina; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Mohammadi, Esmaeil; Rezaei, Negar; Rashidi, Mohammad‐Mahdi; Rezaei, Nazila; Mokdad, Ali H.; Naghavi, Mohsen; Murray, Christopher J L; Larijani, Bagher; Farzadfar, Farshad

doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1132816

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…By analysing data from the past 30 years, we determined the global burden of thyroid cancer and predicted its trends over the next decade [ 43 ]. We found that the burden of thyroid cancer is on the rise globally, especially among women aged ≥80 years and in low- and medium-SDI regions, suggesting a need for targeted, effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid cancer, as well as for personalised medical and public health strategies for these populations and regions [ 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and projections of the global burden of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2030

Hu,

Wu,

Jiang

2024

J Glob Health

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Background We aimed to explore the burden of thyroid cancer worldwide from 1990 to 2019 and to project its future trends from 2020 to 2030. Methods Based on annual data on thyroid cancer cases from 1990 to 2019 available in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, we calculated the age-standardised incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates for thyroid cancer. We used the estimated annual percentage change (EPAC) to quantify the temporal trends in these age-standardised rates from 1990 to 2019 and applied generalised additive models to project the disease burden from 2020 to 2030. Results The global age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of thyroid cancer increased from 1990 to 2019, with a higher overall disease burden in women than in men at both study time points. The male-to-female ratios for the ASIR increased from 0.41 in 1990 to 0.51 in 2019, while the ratio for the age-standardised death rate (ASDR) increased from 0.60 to 0.82. The models predicted the United Arab Emirates would have the fastest rising trend in both the ASIR (estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) = 4.19) and age-standardised DALY rate (EAPC = 4.36) in 2020–30, while Saint Kitts and Nevis will have the fastest rising trend in the ASDR (EAPC = 2.29). Meanwhile, the growth trends for the ASDR and age-standardised DALY rate are projected to increase across countries in this period. A correlation analysis of the global burden of thyroid cancer between 1990–2019 and 2020–30 showed a significant positive correlation between the increase in the ASIR and socio-demographic index (SDI) in low-SDI and low-middle-SDI countries. Conclusions The global burden of thyroid cancer is increasing, especially in the female population and in low-middle-SDI regions, underscoring a need to target them for effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and projections of the global burden of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2030

Hu,

Wu,

Jiang

2024

J Glob Health

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“…While PD-L1 expression level is thought to be a good predictive marker for RR or treatment [100] , Taube et al have introduced the idea that although PD-L1 expression can be a good predictive marker, it can be a sign of immunogenic tumor and probably more aggressive ones [39,101] . Only one side effect of therapy using anit-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies has been mentioned so far, but it is righteous to hint at numerous clinical studies that work on the side effects of these drugs and have reported different cases, from colitis to myocarditis [102] .…”

Section: Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in cancer pathogenesis and treatment: a systematic review

Sabaghian,

Shamsabadi,

Momeni

et al. 2024

J Cancer Metastasis Treat

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Aim: Cancer as a complex disease poses significant challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. Researchers have been exploring various avenues to find effective therapeutic strategies, with a particular emphasis on cellular signaling pathways and immunotherapy. One such pathway that has recently been suggested is the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which is an immune checkpoint signaling system that plays an important role in regulating the immune system and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Cancer cells exploit this pathway by producing PD-L1, which attaches to PD-1 on T cells, thus inhibiting immune responses and enabling the cancer cells to escape detection by the immune system. This study aimed to evaluate the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Method: This study was performed based on the principles of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). All in vitro , in vivo , and clinical studies that were published in English have been considered during a thorough search of the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases without date restriction until March 2024. Results: According to the studies reviewed, the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis suggests promising therapeutic effects on various types of cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer, among others. Additionally, research suggests that immune checkpoint inhibitors that block PD1/PD-L1, such as pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, durvalumab, cemiplimab, avelumab, etc. , can effectively prevent tumor cells from escaping the immune system. Moreover, there might be a possible interaction between microbiome, obesity, etc. on immune mechanisms and on the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Conclusion: Although we have gained considerable knowledge about ICIs, we are still facing challenges in effectively prescribing the appropriate ICIs for individual patients. This is largely due to the complex interactions between different intracellular pathways, which need to be thoroughly studied. To resolve this issue, it is necessary to conduct more reliable clinical trials that can produce a scientific consensus.

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“…Despite substantial efforts have been dedicated to exploring changes in BC mortality over time and age-specific mortality ( 13 , 14 ) and investigating various associated risk factors ( 15 – 18 ), there is a lack of comprehensive analysis on the specific impact of MRs on BC mortality in Chinese women in terms of time trends and cohort effects. In this study, we analyzed pertinent data from GBD 2019, employing an age-period-cohort (APC) model ( 19 ) to delineate the temporal trends of BC mortality attributed to MRs (HFPG and HBMI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in breast cancer mortality attributable to metabolic risks in Chinese women from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis

Zhang,

Sun,

Xia

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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ObjectiveMetabolic risks (MRs) are the primary determinants of breast cancer (BC) mortality among women. This study aimed to examine the changing trends in BC mortality associated with MRs and explore how they related to age, time period, and birth cohorts in Chinese women aged 25 and above.MethodsData were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD2019). The BC mortality trajectories and patterns attributable to MRs were assessed using Joinpoint regression. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was employed to evaluate cohort and time period effects.ResultsThe age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of BC mortality linked to MRs displayed an escalating trend from 1990 to 2019, demonstrating an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 1.79% (95% CI: 1.69~1.87). AAPCs attributable to high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) and high body mass index (HBMI) were 0.41% (95% CI: 0.32~0.53) and 2.75% (95% CI: 2.68~2.82), respectively. APC analysis revealed that BC mortality due to HBMI in women aged 50 and above showed a rise with age and mortality associated with HFPG consistently demonstrated a positive correlation with age. The impact of HBMI on BC mortality significantly outweighed that of HFPG. The risk of BC mortality linked to HBMI has steadily increased since 2005, while HFPG demonstrated a trend of initial increase followed by a decrease in the period effect. Regarding the cohort effect, the relative risk of mortality was greater in the birth cohort of women after the 1960s of MRs on BC mortality, whereas those born after 1980 displayed a slight decline in the relative risk (RR) associated with BC mortality due to HBMI.ConclusionThis study suggests that middle-aged and elderly women should be considered as a priority population, and control of HBMI and HFPG should be used as a primary tool to control metabolic risk factors and effectively reduce BC mortality.

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Burden of breast cancer and attributable risk factors in the North Africa and Middle East region, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Cited by 7 publications

References 75 publications

Trends and projections of the global burden of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2030

Trends and projections of the global burden of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2030

The role of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in cancer pathogenesis and treatment: a systematic review

Trends in breast cancer mortality attributable to metabolic risks in Chinese women from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis

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