Burden and trends of stroke attributable to dietary risk factors from 1990 to 2019 in the Belt and Road Initiative countries: an analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the burden and trends of stroke attributed to dietary risk factors in the Belt and Road (“B&R”) countries from 1990 to 2019.MethodsThe 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study was used to gather information on the burden of stroke attributable to dietary risk factors. Numbers and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were determined in 1990 and 2019 among the “B&R” countries. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to analyze the temporal trends of diet-induced stroke DALYs from 1990 to 2019 and in the final decade (2010–2019) by Joinpoint regression analysis.ResultsIn 2019, the absolute number of stroke deaths and DALYs attributable to dietary risk factors were 671,872 cases (95% UI 436,354–937,093) and 1.67 million cases (95% UI 1.15–2.24) in China. We found geographical differences in mortality and DALYs of diet-attributable stroke among member countries, with Bulgaria, Hungary and Serbia being the three highest countries in 1990, Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Montenegro in Central Asia in 2019. The ASRs of diet-induced stroke mortality and DALYs were generally declining in most member states from 1990 to 2019, however, the corresponding metrics in Mongolia remained high. The fastest decline in ASR of mortality and DALYs for diet-induced stroke was seen in Estonia, Eastern Europe, with AAPC values of −7.09% (95%CI: −7.72, −6.46%) and − 6.62% (95%CI: −7.20, −6.03%), respectively. We noted a substantial downward trend in ASR of mortality and DALYs from diet-induced stroke changes in the final decade (2010–2019) for most member states. The ASR of DALYs for diet-induced stroke decreased greater in females than in males. For those aged 50–74, the DALYs for stroke due to dietary risk factors in all other member countries of the “B&R” showed a decreasing trend, except for the Philippines, which rose (AAPC = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.40–2.87%) and Turkmenistan, which remained stable (AAPC = 0.05, 95%CI: −0.43–0.33%).ConclusionThe burden of diet-induced stroke varies substantially across “B&R” countries and threaten public health, relevant evidence-based policies and interventions should be adopted to address the future burden of stroke in “B&R” countries through extensive collaboration.

Changing profiles of the burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias attributable to smoking in the belt and road initiative countries: A secondary analysis of global burden of disease 2019

“…In this study, data for the 66 BRI countries, as described elsewhere, were included [ 17 ]. The 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study, which is an international collaborative surveillance system, includes data on 369 diseases and injuries, 87 risk factors, and combinations of risk factors across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.…”

“…All analyses were conducted using the Joinpoint Regression Program (Version 4.9.0.0. March 2021) [ 17 ]. Visualization of the maps of the BRI countries was performed using the “ggmap” package in R software (version 4.3.0, R core team).…”

Colorectal cancer’s burden attributable to a diet high in processed meat in the Belt and Road Initiative countries

“…This study included 66 member countries within the “B and R” initiative, with detailed classification published elsewhere[ 3 ]. The GBD 2019, which is an international collaborative surveillance system, conducted estimates for 369 diseases, 87 risk factors, and combinations of risk factors across 204 countries and territories spanning from 1990 to 2019.…”

“…The Belt and Road Initiative (“B and R”) includes a diverse set of countries across Asia, North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe, each at varying stages of economic development. These countries account for a substantial 79.36% of new CRC cases and a staggering 83.39% of global CRC-related deaths[ 3 , 4 ]. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are among the most advanced indicators for assessing disease burden[ 5 , 6 ].…”

Prevalence and influencing factors of malnutrition in stroke patients with bulbar paralysis: a cross-sectional study in China

“…Dysphagia-related complications including aspiration and reflux can cause additional consumption and loss of nutrients, thereby increasing the risk of malnutrition ( 13 ). In turn, malnutrition prolongs the duration of illness, impedes the recovery process, and escalates healthcare costs, hence establishing a vicious circle that burdens both the patients and their families ( 14 ). Given the significant impact of stroke-related bulbar paralysis on swallowing function, it holds clinical significance to consider the nutritional status of affected individuals.…”