Burden and Determinants of Anemia in a Rural Population in South India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background/Objectives To determine the prevalence and determinants of blood haemoglobin level and mild, moderate, and severe anemia in a sample of adults from rural Tamil Nadu, India. Subjects/Methods We recruited a sample of men and nonpregnant women aged 20 years and older. Clinical health measures included blood haemoglobin concentration and body mass index. We assessed associations between anemia outcomes and sociodemographic and dietary factors using linear and logistic regression modeling. Results A total of 753 individuals (412 women and 341 men) participated in this study. The prevalence of anemia was 57.2% among women and 39.3% among men (P<0.001). Prevalence of anemia increased with age among men (P<0.001) but not women (P>0.05). Iron intake was low; 11.7% women and 24.1% of men reported iron intakes above recommended dietary allowances (P<0.001). Factors (OR (95% CI)) associated with mild or moderate anemia among women included television ownership (0.27 (0.13, 0.58)), livestock ownership (0.46 (0.28, 0.75)), refined grain consumption (1.32 (1.02, 1.72)), meat consumption (0.84 (0.71, 0.99)), and commercial agriculture production (mild: 4.6 (1.1, 18.8); moderate: 6.8 (1.98, 23.1)). Factors associated with mild, moderate, or severe anemia among men included rurality (0.50 (0.25, 0.99)), sugar consumption (1.04 (1.01, 1.06)), egg consumption (0.80 (0.65, 0.99)), and high caste (7.3 (1.02, 52.3)). Conclusion Both women and men in this region may be particularly vulnerable to anemia, and future research must expand beyond dietary risk factors to examine the impacts of sociodemographic and environmental factors.

Anemia and its associated factors among women of reproductive age in eastern Africa: A multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear model

“…Anemia prevalence in this study was higher than studies done in Brazil [27], Iran [36], Thailand [55], Turk [56], and Timor-Lest [31]. But this prevalence of anemia is lower than studies done in Nepal [34], Myanmar [35], Democratic Republic of Congo [28], India [57], and Vietnam [58]. This difference in anemia prevalence between countries may be due to the variation in geographical, cultural, and dietary-related factors between countries.…”

Spatial Distribution and Determinant Factors of Anaemia Among Adults Aged 15-59 in Ethiopia; Using Mixed-effects Ordinal Logistic Regression Model

“…According to the current study, the odds of female adults having severe anaemia (Compared to moderate, mild or non-anaemic) were higher than male adults. This nding is in line with studies conducted in India (17) and United States of America (18). Such similar nding might be due to women experienced more blood loss through menstruation and greater demand on the blood supply for the developing fetus during pregnancy.…”

Anemia Modelling Using the Multiple Regression Analysis

“…Different strategies of mathematical methods are implemented to analyze blood variables, as in the literature [16,18,22,37]. The multiple regression analysis have been taken into account by many researchers [19,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] while dealing with various anemia problems at different levels. However, they used a limited number of blood variables and they did not study a relationship for the prediction of the types of anemia.…”

“…Therefore, the present study focuses on the determination of the type of anemia through a very large number of the observational variables, more realistic one. Since many researchers have commonly considered the multiple regression analysis among the modelling techniques to deal with various problems including anemia [19,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], the multiple analysis is taken into account in modelling the current biomedical problem.…”