Burden and cost of communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutrition deficiency diseases in India

Abstract

Background Globally 36% of deaths and 42% of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) are due to communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional disorders (CMPND). We examined the state-wise disease burden and treatment cost for these diseases in India for 2017. Methods DALYs for CMPND was obtained from National Disease Burden Estimate (NBE) Study and the expenditure was determined from the unit level records of persons who reported hospitalization for one or more CMPND in National Sample Survey (NSS)—75th Round. Results The top conditions resulting in high DALYs for India were perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiency disorders. Odisha had the highest DALY rate, while Kerala had the lowest DALY rate for CMPNDs. The out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) was highest in Chattisgarh, while percentage of households pushed to CHE was highest in Uttar Pradesh for CMPND. Conclusion The public healthcare facilities need to be strengthened to facilitate patients with CMPND to undergo treatment that is timely, affordable and cost-effective. Efforts should be made for optimization of strategies aimed at primary and secondary prevention of CMPND and reduce OOPE for treatment of these diseases. In addition, advocacy spreading awareness will reduce the burden and treatment expenditure for CMPNDs in India.

The magnitude of out‐of‐pocket expenditure for antenatal care in low and middle‐income countries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Only 13/137 (9.5%) countries reported scientific evidence on OOPE during pregnancy in LMICs. 10 (31.3%) studies were from the African region, [18][19][20]22,23,[45][46][47][48][49] 21 (65.6%) studies originated from the SEAR (countries including Myanmar, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka) 10,11,14,16,17,21,28,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] and 1 (3.1%) study belongs to the region of the Americas 64 (Table 1). No studies have originated from the Eastern Mediterranean, European, and Western Pacific regions.…”

Out-of-Pocket Expenditure for Antenatal Care Amid Free Health Care Provision: Evidence From a Large Pregnancy Cohort in Rural Sri Lanka

“… 78 However, compared with the range of OOP expenditure for maternal morbidities during total pregnancy in LMICs reported in the recent meta-analysis (US$125.98–US$523.03), 25 the OOP expenditure for maternal morbidities during pregnancy (US$36.68) reported in the present study is substantially low. Further, it is much lower than the OOP expenditure reported in India (US$262.25) 79 and Ethiopia (US$125.98). 80 This could be due to the fact that only 427 (29.9%) pregnant women had sought health care despite reporting maternal morbidities/ill health conditions.…”

Gender Inequality in Out-of-pocket Expenditure on Healthcare Among Persons with Disabilities in India

“…Lastly, the NSS did not report health facility utilization such as private and public among sampled populations, so we were unable to present this analysis. This is an important limitation in our study as it is known that populations incur higher expenditure in private health facilities compared to public (Kumar et al, 2015; Sahoo & Madheswaran, 2014; Yadav et al, 2020, 2021).…”