Bupropion and nicotine enhance responding for nondrug reinforcers via dissociable pharmacological mechanisms in rats

Palmatier, Matthew I.; Levin, Melissa; Mays, Kara L.; Donny, Eric C.; Caggiula, Anthony R.; Sved, Alan F.

doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1666-5

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In addition, other stimulants or similar drugs may comparably enhance reinforcement from non-drug rewards (e.g. Palmatier, Levin, Mays, Donny, Caggiula, & Sved, 2009; Sheppard, Gross, Pavelka, Hall, & Palmatier, 2012), including sensory types (Lloyd et al, 2012; Perkins et al 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory reinforcement-enhancing effects of nicotine via smoking.

Perkins¹,

Karelitz²

2014

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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As in animal research, acute nicotine in humans enhances reinforcement from rewards unrelated to nicotine intake, but this effect may be specific to rewards from stimuli that are “sensory” in nature. We assessed acute effects of nicotine via smoking on responding for music or video (“sensory”) rewards, for monetary (“non-sensory”) reward, or for no reward (control), to gauge the generalizability of nicotine’s reinforcement enhancing effects. Using a fully within-subjects design, dependent smokers (N=20) participated in three similar experimental sessions, each following overnight abstinence (verified by CO<10 ppm) and varying only in the smoking condition. Sessions involved no smoking or smoking denicotinized (0.05 mg) or nicotine (0.6 mg) QuestR brand cigarettes in controlled fashion prior to responding on a simple operant computer task for each reward separately, using a progressive ratio schedule. The reinforcing effects of music and video rewards, but not money, were significantly greater due to the nicotine versus denicotinized cigarette (i.e. nicotine per se), while there were no differences between the denicotinized cigarette versus no smoking (i.e. smoking behavior per se), except for no reward. These effects were not influenced by withdrawal relief from either cigarette. Results that generalize from an auditory to a visual reward confirm that acute nicotine intake per se enhances the reinforcing value of sensory rewards, but its effects on the value of other (perhaps non-sensory) types of rewards may be more modest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory reinforcement-enhancing effects of nicotine via smoking.

Perkins¹,

Karelitz²

2014

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…Interestingly, both bupropion (Caggiula et al, 2009) and varenicline (Levin et al, 2012), both FDA-approved prescription pharmacotherapies for the treatment of smoking cessation, can substitute for the reinforcement-enhancing effects of nicotine, which may partially underlie their efficacy as pharmacotherapies. To test the ability of buproprion to enhance the reinforcing valence of VS presentations, nicotine or bupropion was systemically administered across sessions (Palmatier et al, 2009). Both nicotine and bupropion increased responding for VS presentations.…”

Section: 0 Reinforcement-enhancing Effects Of Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Mechanisms Underlying Nicotine Reinforcement

Rupprecht

Smith

Schassburger

et al. 2015

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

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Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide and nicotine, the primary psychoactive constituent in tobacco, drives sustained use. The behavioral actions of nicotine are complex and extend well beyond the actions of the drug as a primary reinforcer. Stimuli that are consistently paired with nicotine can, through associative learning, take on reinforcing properties as conditioned stimuli. These conditioned stimuli can then impact the rate and probability of behavior and even function as conditioning reinforcers that maintain behavior in the absence of nicotine. Nicotine can also act as a conditioned stimulus, predicting the delivery of other reinforcers, which may allow nicotine to acquire value as a conditioned reinforcer. These associative effects, establishing non-nicotine stimuli as conditioned stimuli with discriminative stimulus and conditioned reinforcing properties as well as establishing nicotine as a conditioned stimulus, are predicted by basic conditioning principles. However, nicotine can also act non-associatively. Nicotine directly enhances the reinforcing efficacy of other reinforcing stimuli in the environment, an effect that does not require a temporal or predictive relationship between nicotine and either the stimulus or the behavior. Hence, the reinforcing actions of nicotine stem both from the primary reinforcing actions of the drug (and the subsequent associative learning effects) as well as the reinforcement enhancement action of nicotine which is non-associative in nature. Gaining a better understanding of how nicotine impacts behavior will allow for maximally effective tobacco control efforts aimed at reducing the harm associated with tobacco use by reducing and/or treating its addictiveness.

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“…Intriguingly, responding for a rewarding visual stimulus is enhanced by bupropion in a manner similar to that of nicotine (e.g. Palmatier et al, 2009), consistent with other preclinical research on bupropion (Paterson, Balfour, & Markou, 2008). We know of no prior research in humans examining the effects of cessation medications, including bupropion, on enhancement of reinforced responding, although nicotine lozenge may enhance card-sorting performance after Advance Access publication October 24, 2012 nicotine & tobacco research, Volume 15, number 6 (June 2013) 1141-1145 overnight abstinence in heavier (>15/day) but not lighter smokers (Dawkins et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%