Bupivacaine versus lignocaine as the choice of locall anesthetic agent for impacted third molar surgery a review

Abstract

One of the most important goal in minor surgical procedures is to achieve proper and sufficient anesthesia and analgesia preoperatively, intraoperatively and in the immediate postoperative period. Several local anesthetic agents have been cited in the literature and studied. Bupivacaine is one of the most common long-acting anesthetic agents being used for surgical removal of impacted third molars. Lignocaine is one of the commonest short-acting anesthetic agents being used for the same procedure. In this review article, the analgesic and anesthetic abilities of the bupivacaine versus lignocaine have been reviewed while surgical removal of impacted third molars.

Comparative Evaluation of Bupivacaine and Lignocaine for Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Removal

“…[6] Equal amount of local anaesthetic was used in patients undergoing surgical removal of the lower third molars to prevent dose-response relation bias. Bupivacaine is four times potent than lignocaine in equal concentrations (the smaller 0.5% concentration of bupivacaine becomes equipotent to 2% lignocaine) [7] and their toxicities at these concentrations will be equal, so these concentrations were used for comparison in this study. [8] The difference in onset of anaesthesia in lignocaine was much lesser than bupivacaine.…”

“…[4] A combination of 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline 1:200,000 when used gives similar results. [7] www.wjpr.net Vol 6, Issue 4, 2017. 703…”

“…Intraoperatively, more bleeding was noticed by the operators when bupivacaine was used as [7,16] the usual precautions should be taken like frequent aspirations before injection, minimizing the rate of administration and careful observation during injection. [10] Although lignocaine has been used in oral & maxillofacial surgery since ages, postoperative pain was diminished, delayed in onset or even absent after use of bupivacaine.…”

Local anesthetics and advances in their administration – an overview

“…The onset of bupivacaine ranges from 1-17 min and the duration of action lasts 2-9 h. The duration of anaesthesia is significantly longer with Bupivacaine than with any other commonly used local anesthetic. It is usually used at a 0.5% concentration [6].…”

Randomized clinical study comparing safety and efficacy of adjuvant intrathecal clonidine versus normal saline along with bupivacaine anaesthesia in lower limb surgery patients

“…Its disadvantages are slow onset of action and decreased motor block. 4 Hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% is extensively used local anaesthetic via intrathecal route. Though the duration of action of bupivacaine is prolonged, it will not produce prolonged post operative analgesia.…”