“…In all confirmed cases of Pleistocene and early Holocene personal ornamentation, it has been marine shell (Dentalium sp., Conus sp., Melo sp., Nerita sp., Geloina sp., Anadara sp., Hyriidae sp., scaphopod: as found at Riwi, Mandu Mandu Creek, Carpenter's Gap 1, Cape Range Peninsula, Bundeena, Capertee, Nawamoyn) or terrestrial animal bone or teeth (primarily macropod, but also Dasyurid and Sarcophagus harrisii: as found at Devil's Lair, Kow Swamp, Lake Nitchie, Roonka, Cooma, Wallpolla Island) which have been targeted for use (Balme 2000;Balme and Morse 2006;Dortch 1979Dortch , 1980Feary 1996;Harper 1899;Irish 2007;McCarthy 1964;Morse 1993;O'Connor 1995;Pardoe 1995;Pate et al 1998;Pretty 1977;Przywolnik 2003;Schrire 1982; Figure 1). As recognised by McAdams (2008:15; and in line with European research by Vanhaeren and d'Errico 2006), there is clear evidence for spatial patterning of beads in Australia, along with 'ethnolinguistic associations with bead distributions'.…”