Bullying and malocclusion in adolescence: a case report

Grassia, Vincenzo; Rotolo, Rossana Patricia; Nucci, Ludovica; d’Apuzzo, Fabrizia; Perillo, Letizia

doi:10.5937/sejodr7-29700

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, psychogenic pain is the pain generated by pure concurrent psychological factors strictly related to the person concerned or the environment in which that person lives. Psychogenic pain determined by the patient's psycho-emotional condition does not have a somatic origin [15]. Since pain is a subjective experience, we cannot evaluate it by indirect methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pain Perception during Orthodontic Treatment with Fixed Appliances

et al. 2022

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The present study aimed to determine the intensity of pain perception in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. We analyzed the severity of pain concerning four routine procedures: the placement of separating elastics, ring cementations, arch activations, and elastic tractions. Our study consisted of a sample of 100 patients between 12 and 35 years old during the initial months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. The patients completed a questionnaire meant to assess their pain sensation perception. The study sample was divided according to age and sex. By determining the intensity of pain felt during the four orthodontic procedures, we found that the most painful one was the ring cementation in all four age groups. The therapeutic-arch-activation procedure ranked second, with a higher mean value (2.66) in the 18–24 age group; the least painful was considered the elastic traction procedure, with a higher value (1.33) in the group over 30 years old. The most painful period was during the first 3–4 days after procedures. Most patients showed moderate pain after following the studied orthodontic interventions and required analgesic medication, the most frequently used being Nurofen, ketonal or paracetamol. The level of pain felt was significantly higher in men than in women. Patients suffer differently from the intensity of perceived pain as they grow older.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Verbal scales-used at the time of presentation or during treatment, which classifies pain in 3, 5 or 7 grades: absent/weak/mild/moderate/intense/severe/ extreme pain [15].…”

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confidence: 99%