Bull Cults

Dodson, Aidan

doi:10.5743/cairo/9789774248580.003.0004

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The bull and cow known as symbols of power; Osiris, the god of agriculture, was symbolized by the bull, and Isis by the cow (Döner -Mente , 2022). Apis (Freeman, 2003, 72), Buchis, and Mnevis, also called Serapis since it forms a compound with Osiris in some sources, are among the well-known bull cults (Dodson, 2005). Apis was believed to be the incarnation of the creator God Ptah (Gardin -Olorenshaw, 2019, 119).…”

Section: The Calf's Voice As a Robotic Feature: Was The Calf Animate ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interaction of Religion and Robotics and al-Sāmirī’s Calf (the Golden Calf) as an Early Theomorphic Robot

ŞAHİN

Gültekin

2023

Ilahiyat Studies

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The interaction between technology and religion has led to discussions on social robots in religious studies. Various robots have been produced to conduct funerals, give blessings, respond to personal prayer requests, preach, answer religious questions, or instruct religious education. Parallel to these developments, the term theomorphic robot was introduced to describe robots employed for religious purposes, and the characteristics of this type of robot have been described. Attitudes toward technological advances have been influenced by the religious or cultural origins of individuals and society. The present study investigates the “calf”, called “The Story of al-Sāmirī” in Islam and the “Golden calf” in Judaism, in terms of theomorphic robot design and features and discusses whether the “calf” can be considered an early theomorphic robot. It is concluded that the “calf” can be considered an example of an early theomorphic robot in terms of most of its features, and the Story of al-Sāmirī can be employed as a criterion for theomorphic robot analysis. This can explain the interaction between religion and robotics in Muslim culture. Attitudes toward the interaction of religion and robotics vary based on the description and perception of theomorphic robots.

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Section: The Calf's Voice As a Robotic Feature: Was The Calf Animate ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interaction of Religion and Robotics and al-Sāmirī’s Calf (the Golden Calf) as an Early Theomorphic Robot

ŞAHİN

Gültekin

2023

Ilahiyat Studies

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“…They may have found their rest at Saqqara, but from the reign of Amenhotep III (1390-1352 B.C. ), they were certainly buried at the site in a newly constructed catacomb [21] (p. 74).…”

Section: Mariette the Apis Bull And The Rediscovery Of The Animal Nec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…until that of Cleopatra VII (51-30 B.C.) [21], though there is inscriptional evidence for a mother of Apis burial as early as year 37 of Amasis (c. 533 B.C.) [22] (p. 16,37).…”

Section: Development Of the Sacred Animal Necropolismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sacred Animals at Saqqara

Nicholson

2022

Heritage

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Saqqara, the necropolis of the first capital city of a unified Egypt, is best known today for the Step Pyramid of Pharaoh Djoser (2667–2648 B.C.). However, the Step Pyramid is only the most visible feature of this great burial site, and the tombs of many thousands of individuals are hidden beneath the sands, some excavated, others not. These human burials are only a part of Saqqara’s funerary history. This paper examines the catacombs of the numerous animals revered by the Egyptians at Saqqara and whose burial places have come to be known collectively as ‘The Sacred Animal Necropolis’ (SAN). First amongst these, both in importance and inception, was the Apis bull, the living image (ba) of Ptah, creator god of Memphis. However, it was the work conducted by Professor W.B. Emery (1903–1971) which brought to light the burial place of the Mother of the Apis as well as those for ibises, falcons, and baboons and which has provided much of what we know of the Sacred Animal Necropolis at North Saqqara. More recent work has built upon the discoveries made by Emery and others and taken a new approach to these subterranean catacombs for sacred animals.

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“…2 victual mummies served as food for the dead; 3 sacred mummies were an earthly incarnation of a god, for example, the Apis bull of Ptah (Dodson, 2005); 4 votive mummies, given as an offering to a specific god, are the largest category of animal mummies found in collections; and 5 "other", which do not fit into any of these categories and are currently under study (Ikram, 1995(Ikram, , 2005(Ikram, , 2012Ikram and Iskander, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional model of an ancient Egyptian falcon mummy skeleton

Plessis

Slabbert

Swanepoel

et al. 2015

Rapid Prototyping Journal

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Emerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.

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Bull Cults

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

The Interaction of Religion and Robotics and al-Sāmirī’s Calf (the Golden Calf) as an Early Theomorphic Robot

The Interaction of Religion and Robotics and al-Sāmirī’s Calf (the Golden Calf) as an Early Theomorphic Robot

Sacred Animals at Saqqara

Three-dimensional model of an ancient Egyptian falcon mummy skeleton

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