Bulking Agents in the Treatment of Obesity

Evans, Elizabeth S.; Miller, D. S.

doi:10.1159/000175595

Cited by 68 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…48 It is believed that dietary fibers, including glucomannan, may provoke body weight loss by acting as bulking agents, thereby increasing satiety and reducing caloric intake, ingestion rate, and nutrient absorption. [29][30][31][32][33] Glucomannan is a highly viscous fiber, more so than pectin and 5-fold more than guar gum. 49 Due to this high viscosity, glucomannan has been reported to decrease the postprandial increase in blood glucose and insulin levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This supplement was standardized to contain a novel blend of glucomannan, chitosan, fenugreek, Gymnema sylvestre, and vitamin C. It is believed that dietary fibers such as glucomannan may provoke body weight and fat loss by acting as a bulking agent, thereby increasing satiety and reducing caloric intake, ingestion rate, and nutrient absorption. [29][30][31][32][33] Chitosan is a unique, indigestible, nonplant fiber that may aid in body weight loss by reducing fat absorption in the intestinal tract. The addition of ascorbic acid to chitosan has been shown to improve the ability of chitosan to bind to dietary fats and inhibit their digestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a Stimulant-Free Dietary Supplement on Body Weight and Fat Loss in Obese Adults: A Six-Week Exploratory Study

Woodgate¹,

Conquer²

2003

Current Therapeutic Research

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Background: Obesity is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and stroke. Stimulants, such as ephedrine and caffeine and their herbal counterparts, have proved effective in facilitating body weight loss, but their use is controversial due to their undesired effects. Other nutraceuticals have shown moderate success in reducing body weight, whereas several other compounds have demonstrated little or no effect. Therefore, a tolerable and effective nutraceutical that can increase energy expenditure and/or decrease caloric intake is desirable for body weight reduction.Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the tolerability and effectiveness of a novel, stimulant-free, dietary supplement containing glucomannan, chitosan, fenugreek, Gymnema sylvestre, and vitamin C on body weight and fat loss and change in body composition in obese adults.Methods: In this single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study conducted at the University of Guelph (Guelph, Ontario, Canada), obese adults (aged 20-50 years; body mass index [BMI], ≥30 kg/m 2 ) were randomized to the treatment or placebo group. The treatment group received 6 capsules of a dietary supplement containing a proprietary blend of glucomannan, chitosan, fenugreek, G sylvestre, and vitamin C daily for 6 weeks, and the placebo group received 6 capsules of rice flour daily for 6 weeks. Body weight; percentage of body fat; absolute fat mass; lean body mass; BMI; upper abdominal, waist, and hip circumference; and anthropometric measurements were recorded at baseline and at study end. Patients completed daily dietary intake records on days 1 to 3 and days 40 to 42. They also completed weekly activity logs throughout the study.Results D.E. Woodgate and J.A. Conquerto the treatment group (8 women, 4 men) or the placebo group (9 women, 3 men). Two subjects (8.3%; 1 patient [8.3%] from each group) dropped out for personal reasons unrelated to the study. No significant changes in the consumption of total calories; the percentage of calories ingested as carbohydrates, fat, or protein; or activity levels were found in either group throughout the study. Compared with the placebo group, the treatment group lost significantly more body weight (Ϫ2.3 kg vs 0.0 kg; P Ͻ 0.01), percentage of body fat (Ϫ1.1% vs 0.2%; P Ͻ 0.05), and absolute fat mass (Ϫ2.0 kg vs 0.2 kg; P Ͻ 0.001).The treatment group also experienced a significantly greater reduction in upper abdominal circumference (Ϫ4.5 cm vs Ϫ0.7 cm), waist circumference (Ϫ4.1 cm vs 0.1 cm), and hip circumference (Ϫ2.9 cm vs 0.6 cm) compared with the placebo group (P Ͻ 0.05 for all). No significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure were found in either group. Both the treatment and the placebo were well tolerated. Conclusion:Within the context of this study, the novel combination of glucomannan, chitosan, fenugreek, G sylvestre, and vitamin C results in significant body weight and fat loss in obese adu...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Stimulant-Free Dietary Supplement on Body Weight and Fat Loss in Obese Adults: A Six-Week Exploratory Study

Woodgate¹,

Conquer²

2003

Current Therapeutic Research

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“…With long-term supplementation of NUTRIOSE s FB, also effects of dietary fibre (soluble and insoluble) on body weight (BW) and body composition may be of interest. After fibre consumption, flattening of blood levels of insulin and glucose have been reported, resulting in decreased appetite (Albrink, 1978;Hamilton and Anderson, 1992;Rössner, 1992) and less food intake (Evans and Miller, 1975;Levine et al, 1989;Cybulski et al, 1992;DeLargy et al, 1995;Pasman et al, 1997). It is therefore interesting whether NUTRIOSE s FB in the long term, by reducing energy intake, affects body weight and body composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term gastrointestinal tolerance of NUTRIOSE®FB in healthy men

et al. 2006

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Objective: To determine the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance of NUTRIOSE s FB in men. Design: A randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel, double-blind study. Setting: The metabolic ward of TNO Quality of Life. Subjects: Forty-eight subjects started the study: 16 men participated in one of the three treatments. Subjects consumed either 22.5 g of pure maltodextrin (Glucidex s 6), or 30 or 45 g of the dextrin NUTRIOSE s FB daily for 4-5 weeks. Forty-three subjects completed the study (age: 34.778.2 years; BMI 24.973.3 kg m 2 ). Measurements: Tolerance of NUTRIOSE s FB was examined with a GI complaints questionnaire; effectiveness on colonic flora was examined by faecal analysis; fermentation by breath hydrogen excretion measurement. Furthermore, the effect on body weight (BW), energy intake and blood parameters were examined in the study. Results: Both doses of NUTRIOSE s FB were very well tolerated and GI complaints hardly differed from the placebo treatment. No diarrhoea was reported due to NUTRIOSE s FB supplementation. In the course of the study, some habituation and adaptation of GI symptoms were found. Fermentation and faecal characteristics (pH and enzyme activity) were significantly positively affected with NUTRIOSE s FB treatment. Body weight in both NUTRIOSE s FB groups remained stable over time, although the placebo-treated group showed a small increase in BW (Dday 35À1 0.871.0 kg) (P ¼ 0.07). However, total food intake and macronutrient composition of the diet remained the same throughout the study. No significant differences were found between the three treatment groups in hunger and satiety scores and food preferences. Conclusions: Long-term supplementation of 30 or 45 g of the dextrin NUTRIOSE s FB per day was well tolerated, and may act as a pre-biotic supplement.

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“…Bulking supplements such as dietary fibre increase feelings of fullness (Evans & Miller, 1975;Leeds, 1987;Raben, Christensen, Holst & Astrup, 1994) and augment satiating effects (Spiller, 1993;Ryttig, Tellnes, Haegh, Boe & Fagerthun, 1989) and so reduce energy intake and body weight. Interventions with a high and low fibre meal, short-term and long-term interventions (breakfast-Burley, Leeds & Blundell, 1987;breakfast-Delargy, Burley, O'Sullivan, Fletcher & Blundell, 1995;all mealsDuncan, Bacon & Weinsier, 1983; pre-loads before meals- Porikos & Hagamen, 1986;van der Ven et al, 1994;long-term supplementation-Ryttig et al, 1989;Rigaud et al, 1990;Krotkiewski, 1984) all showed decreased hunger feelings and decreased energy intake when fibre was added.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of One Week of Fibre Supplementation on Hunger and Satiety Ratings and Energy Intake

et al. 1997

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The effect of one week of supplementation with a water-soluble fibre (guar gum) was studied in obese women who had lost weight. In study 1 (N=17; mean±SEM: age 38·5±2·3 yrs; weight 86·8±2·3 kg; BMI 32·2±0·9 kg.m ) energy intake and hunger and satiety scores were assessed under free-living conditions. In study 2 (N=14; age 44·5±1·8 yrs; weight 78·8±3·1 kg; BMI 29·0±0·9 kg.m −2 ) energy intake was fixed at 6 MJ.day −1 (their normal energy intake at that time) or 4 MJ.day −1 (low energy intake). In both studies, the effect of one week of fibre supplementation (40 g in study 1 and 20 g in study 2) was compared with no supplementation. In study 1, mean energy intake decreased significantly from 6·7±0·4 MJ to 5·4±0·2 MJ daily after fibre supplementation, while hunger and satiety scores did not change. At a low energy intake level of 4 MJ given in study 2, hunger scores were significantly decreased after fibre supplementation. No changes were seen in hunger and satiety scores during fibre supplementation at 6 MJ. The reduction in energy intake by soluble fibre under free living conditions and the hunger-reducing effect of fibre at the low energy intake level (4 MJ) suggests that fibre may be useful in the treatment of obesity, by facilitating compliance to low energy intake.

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Bulking Agents in the Treatment of Obesity

Cited by 68 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of a Stimulant-Free Dietary Supplement on Body Weight and Fat Loss in Obese Adults: A Six-Week Exploratory Study

Effects of a Stimulant-Free Dietary Supplement on Body Weight and Fat Loss in Obese Adults: A Six-Week Exploratory Study

Long-term gastrointestinal tolerance of NUTRIOSE®FB in healthy men

Effect of One Week of Fibre Supplementation on Hunger and Satiety Ratings and Energy Intake

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