Bulk-Sensitive Soft X-ray Edge Probing for Elucidation of Charge Compensation in Battery Electrodes

Abstract

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Electronic modifications in (Ba,La)(Fe,Zn,Y)O3−δ unveiled by oxygen K-edge X-ray Raman scattering

“…These reflect the extent of the covalence between O 2p and TM 3d orbitals (TM=Fe, Zn, Y). 28 Accordingly, the first double feature in the pre-edge region between 525 and 530 eV (peak a in Figure 1) is attributed to bands of mixed O 2p and TM 3d character. The second peak (b) corresponds to bands deriving from Ba/La 5d electronic states.…”

X-ray Spectroscopy of (Ba,Sr,La)(Fe,Zn,Y)O3−δ Identifies Structural and Electronic Features Favoring Proton Uptake

“…Because the oxygen K-edge lies in the soft X-ray energy range, it is usually measured with surface-sensitive techniques (e.g., total electron yield or Auger effect). With XRS, a high-energy X-ray technique, a large volume of the sample is probed, resulting in an oxygen K-edge spectrum signal, which represents the bulk of the oxide material. − The combined investigation of transition metals and oxygen edges is particularly important for fuel cell, catalyst, and battery materials which undergo redox processes that possibly affect both elements. Recently, oxygen K-edge XRS has even been applied under in situ conditions during battery cycling and variable temperature …”

The Li stance on precipitation in Al–Li-based alloys: an investigation by X-ray Raman spectroscopy

“…Theoretical XRS spectra of different Li containing phases and structures were simulated using the FDMNES code [30,33]. The qualitative suitability of FDMNES to model experimental XRS spectra has already been shown using several compounds [30,[34][35][36]. Additionally, the known XRS spectrum [37] of Li metal is compared to a FDMNES calculation in the Online Resource, Sect.…”