Bulk movement included in multi-channel mechanomyography: Similarity between mechanomyography of resting muscle and that of contracting muscle

Wearable MMG-Plus-One Armband: Evaluation of Normal Force on Mechanomyography (MMG) to Enhance Human-Machine Interfacing

“…These are the main reasons based on which in the literature, and this paper, the steady-state phase of the contractions is investigated. It should be highlighted that detecting the transient phases of the contraction has very recently attracted some interest, as indicated in recent studies [38], [39]. The analysis of the transient phase detection is a future direction of this paper and is out of the scope of the article, due to the corresponding neurophysiological differences.…”

Verification of the functionality of device for monitoring human tremor

“…Similar multi-channel MMG systems were used for, e.g., recognizing patterns of a forearm muscle activity (6 siliconeembedded microphone probes) [14], analyzing effect of a bulk movement (i.e., deformation of soft tissues surrounding measurement points) on the recorded muscular signals (5 single-axis accelerometer probes) [15], analyzing two-dimensional distribution of surface MMG signal (12 dual-axis accelerometer probes arranged in a 3 Â 4 matrix [16,17]; 15 single-axis accelerometer probes arranged in a 3 Â 5 matrix [18,19]), investigating the effect of sensor position along the muscle fibres on the MMG signal features (up to 8 single-axis accelerometer probes) [20], determining the propagation direction of oscillations in the examined muscle during voluntary contraction (15 single-axis accelerometer probes arranged in a 3 Â 5 matrix) [21]. An example of a specialized commercial MMG system is the Biopac MP150 acquisition system fitted with accelerometric transducers TSD250/251 (BIOPAC Systems, Inc., CA, USA).…”