Bulk Modification of Carbon Paste Electrode with Bi₂O₃ Nanoparticles and Its Application as an Electrochemical Sensor for Selective Sensing of AntiHIV Drug Nevirapine

Abstract

Bi2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by solution combustion method and utilized for fabrication of an electrochemical sensor [carbon paste electrode modified with Bi2O3 (CPE‐Bi2O3)] for nevirapine (NVP). Electrode materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TG‐DTA, AFM and SEM‐EDS methods. CPE‐Bi2O3 was electroreduced (Er) in KOH in the potential range of −1.3–0 V to obtain CPE‐ErBi2O3. CPE‐ErBi2O3 exhibited electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of NVP. Under optimized conditions, linearity between the peak current and NVP concentration was observed in the range of 0.05–50 µM. Further, the sensor was used for the assay of NVP in tablets and biological samples.

Nickel Selenide Quantum dot Reactor for Electro‐oxidation of Nevirapine in Wastewater

“…The slope value of −66.1 mV/pH obtained for nevirapine is in close proximity to −59 mV/pH, the theoretical value. It is an indication of the participation of an equal number of protons and electrons in the oxidation of nevirapine at the surface of the electrode [14,17,19] . Accordingly, a plausible mechanism for the electro‐oxidation of NVP was proposed in Scheme 1, which is in good agreement with the results of previous research [5,12,17,94] …”

TiO2 Nanoparticles Decorated Graphene Nanoribbons for Voltammetric Determination of an Anti-HIV Drug Nevirapine

“…In order to study nature of the electrode process, the influence of scan rate (v) on i pa and E pa for a mixture of 0.1 mM glucose (interferent) and nevirapine in a 0.1 M PBS (pH 11.0) was examined by CV with scan rate ranging from 50 to 400 mV/s ( Figure 5). From Figure 5 inset (a, b), i pa is directly proportional to scan rate (v) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991 (nevirapine) and 0.9948 (glucose) showing electrochemical behavior of biomolecules on TiO 2 /GNR modified electrode as adsorption controlled processes [4,29,30]. e adsorption mechanism process has also been reported for nevirapine [5,6].…”

Review—Nanostructured Electrochemical Sensors for Determination of the First Generation of the NNRTIs for HIV-1

“…The preparation of the active materials using the combustion method and detection of NVP was done by Terada et al ( 2015) using bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) adjusted carbon paste electrode (CPE). 49 The next step was the electro-reduction of CPE-ErBi 2 O 3 by cycling the CPE-Bi 2 O 3 in 0.1 M KOH in the range of 1.3-0 V. The resultant material was suggested to be ErBi 2 O 3 , a good boost for electron transfer between NVP and electrode surface. 49 NVP resulted in an irreversible anodic peak in both 0.2 M PB, pH 8, and 0.04 M Britton and Robinson buffer.…”

“…49 The next step was the electro-reduction of CPE-ErBi 2 O 3 by cycling the CPE-Bi 2 O 3 in 0.1 M KOH in the range of 1.3-0 V. The resultant material was suggested to be ErBi 2 O 3 , a good boost for electron transfer between NVP and electrode surface. 49 NVP resulted in an irreversible anodic peak in both 0.2 M PB, pH 8, and 0.04 M Britton and Robinson buffer. However, an enhanced anodic response was achieved in the PB solution.…”