Bulk metallic glass formation in a ternary Ti–Cu–Ni alloy system

Review on the Research and Development of Ti-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses

“…It was found that the measured fracture toughness ranges from 98.6 to 126.3 MPa·m 1/2 . The fatigue pre-cracked Ti 40 Zr 25 Cu 12 Ni 3 Be 20 sample exhibited a slightly higher toughness than that of the notched sample. The notched plate sample and the notched rod sample were also found to have different fracture toughness values.…”

“…The Ti 50 Cu 43 Ni 7 and Ti 53 Cu 39 Ni 8 alloys possess the best GFA, which enables the preparation of fully glassy rods with diameters up to 1.5 mm. It has also been found that the critical diameter increases to 2 mm by more fine-tuning of Ti 50 Cu 43 Ni 7 to Ti 50 Cu 42 Ni 8 [40]. Subsequently, it has been shown that the replacement of Ti by Zr effectively improves the GFA of Ti-Cu-Ni glassy alloys.…”

“…In 1998, the first Ti-based BMG was successfully prepared by a copper mold casting in a Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn alloy system [39]. Encouraged by this success, with the effort of scholars all over the world, a number of Ti-based BMGs, such as Ti-Cu-Ni [40,41], Ti-Zr-Be [42,43], Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Sn [44,45], Ti-Zr-Cu-Pd-(Sn, Si, Nb) [46][47][48][49][50], Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Be [51][52][53], Ti-Zr-Hf-Cu-Ni-Si-Sn [54], and Ti-Cu-Zr-Fe-Sn-Si-(Ag, Sc) [55][56][57], have been developed over the last few decades. Figure 1 shows the maximum diameters for glass formation obtained in different alloy systems and the year in which they were discovered [8,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73].…”

“…With the addition of 2-4 atom % Sn, the critical diameter was markedly increased to 10 mm, which is larger than that of other Be-free Ti-based BMGs. Figure 5 shows the appearance of the as-cast 10 mm-diameter Ti 40 [49], Nb [50] and Co [117] have also been adopted as alloying elements for Ti-Zr-Cu-Pd quaternary alloys. The maximum critical diameters of Ti-Zr-Cu-Pd-Si, Ti-Zr-Cu-Pd-Nb, and Ti-Zr-Cu-Pd-Co were reported to be 5 mm, >2 mm, and 10 mm, respectively.…”

“…Regarding the fracture toughness of Ti-based BMGs, it has been reported that the K c of Ti 50 Ni 24 Cu 20 B 1 Si 2 Sn 3 alloy is 50 MPa·m 1/2 [153]. Gu et al [196] investigated the effects of changes in sample dimensions and the stress state on the fracture toughness of Ti 40 Zr 25 Cu 12 Ni 3 Be 20 BMG. It was found that the measured fracture toughness ranges from 98.6 to 126.3 MPa·m 1/2 .…”