Bulk Metal Electrodeposition in the Sub-monolayer Regime: Ru on Pt(111)*

On the Role of Reactant Transport and (Surface) Alloy Formation for the CO Tolerance of Carbon Supported PtRu Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Catalysts

“…This was attributed to a combination of Pt and Ru phase separation on the bimetallic surface and limited mobility (surface diffusion) of the CO ad species. Experiments conducted by Massong et al [62], Friedrich et al [63], Davies et al [24], and Maillard et al [28] on well-characterized model electrodes could be understood by assuming that the surface diffusion of CO ad to reactive Ru sites, as well as the diffusion of OH ad to CO ad [24] influence the width of the stripping peak and that the slow surface diffusion of these species together with the formation of separate Pt-and Ru phases could be the reason for the occurrence of two stripping maxima. Koper et al [64] demonstrated that the surface diffusion of CO ad and the distribution of the reactive Ru sites can significantly affect the kinetics of the reaction between OH ad and CO ad by modeling the CO stripping reaction on PtRu surfaces using dynamic Monte Carlo simulations.…”

Spontaneous and Electrodeposition of Pt on Ru(0001)

“…be used for preparing Ru-modified Pt(111) [4,5] as well as Pt/Ru(0001) surfaces [6]. Remarkable enhancements of the electrocatalytic activity towards methanol and formic acid oxidation has been found with both Ru- [7,8] and Pd-modified [9,10] Pt electrodes. The present paper describes the formation and characterization of surfaces of the opposite combination, namely Ru(0001) electrodes partly covered by Pt.…”

Atomically Controlled Electrochemical Deposition and Dissolution of Noble Metals

“…The controlled deposition of ruthenium on well-defined surfaces, such as Pt(hkl) [95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103] and Au(hkl) [38][39][40], has been characterized by electrochemical measurements, Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS), XPS and STM measurements. The interest in these studies is mainly concentrated on the ruthenium modification of a platinum surface because of its extreme importance in electrocatalysis.…”

“…Friedrich and colleagues found that the well-reproduced currentpotential curves of ruthenium-modified Pt(111) electrodes were obtained when ruthenium was deposited electrochemically in the potential region between +0.8 V and +0.3 V (vs. RHE) from a freshly prepared 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 containing 5 mM RuCl 3 . The reproducibility became worse when 0.1 M HClO 4 was used as supporting electrolyte during the electrochemical deposition [95][96][97]. On the other hand, Wieckowski and colleague deposited ruthenium from 0.1 M HClO 4 containing dilute RuCl 3 by a spontaneous-deposition method and suggested that the RuO ad species was formed on the Pt(111) surface [98].…”

“…On the other hand, Wieckowski and colleague deposited ruthenium from 0.1 M HClO 4 containing dilute RuCl 3 by a spontaneous-deposition method and suggested that the RuO ad species was formed on the Pt(111) surface [98]. Figure 15 compared the CVs of Pt(111) before (solid line) and after (dashed and dotted lines) the electrochemical deposition of ruthenium [97]. The characteristic ''butterfly'' peak observed at a clean Pt(111) changed, and a new peak was observed in the hydrogenadsorption region after ruthenium modification.…”