Bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices based on donor–acceptor organic small molecule blends

Gebeyehu, D.; Maennig, B.; Drechsel, J.; Leo, Karl; Pfeiffer, Martin

doi:10.1016/s0927-0248(02)00369-0

Cited by 172 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Co-deposited mixtures of donor and acceptor small molecules have been used to achieve a bulk HJ structure 78,[104][105][106][107][108][109] reaching η P ≈ 3·5% under 1 sun (AM1·5G) illumination. 106 However, the performance of bulk HJ PV cells relies critically on the microstructure of the mixture.…”

Section: Donor/acceptor Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…106 However, the performance of bulk HJ PV cells relies critically on the microstructure of the mixture. For example co-evaporation does not lead to an idealized structure, 78,104,[106][107][108] but one where isolated phases of material (as in Figure 9(c)) exist that prevent efficient charge collection. In the worst case scenario (not pictured), co-evaporation leads to uniform molecular scale mixing of the two molecules with minimal evidence of phase separation.…”

Section: Donor/acceptor Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar cells utilizing small molecular weight organic semiconductors

Rand

Genoe

Heremans

et al. 2007

Progress in Photovoltaics

461

296

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In this review, we focus on the field of organic photovoltaic cells based on small molecular weight materials. In particular, we discuss the physical processes that lead to photocurrent generation in organic solar cells, as well as the various architectures employed to optimize device performance. These include the donor-acceptor heterojunction for efficient exciton dissociation, the exciton blocking layer, the mixed or bulk heterojunction, and the stacked or tandem cell. We show how the choice of materials with known energy levels and absorption spectra affect device performance, particularly the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density. We also discuss the typical materials and growth techniques used to fabricate devices, as well as the issue of device stability, all of which are critical for the commercialization of low-cost and high-performance organic solar cells.

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Section: Donor/acceptor Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Donor/acceptor Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Solar cells utilizing small molecular weight organic semiconductors

Rand

Genoe

Heremans

et al. 2007

Progress in Photovoltaics

461

296

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The diffusion length of a photogenerated exciton is of the order of ~10nm in disordered OSCs [149], meaning that type-II heterojunctions need to be distributed through the active layer on a similar lengthscale to allow efficient dissociation. This so-called bulk heterojunction (BHJ) architecture can be achieved in solution-processed devices by dissolving the donor and acceptor in a common solvent prior to casting [336,337], or in the case of evaporated OPVs by co-evaporation [338] or annealing [140]. While it is reasonably straightforward to control the BHJ morphology in a qualitative fashion, e.g.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating charge transport in organic semiconductors and devices: a review

Groves

2016

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractCharge transport simulation can be a valuable tool to better understand, optimise and design organic transistors (OTFTs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). This review presents an overview of common charge transport and device models; namely drift-diffusion, master equation, mesoscale kinetic Monte Carlo and quantum chemical Monte Carlo, and a discussion of the relative merits of each. This is followed by a review of the application of these models as applied to charge transport in organic semiconductors and devices, highlighting in particular the insights made possible by modelling. The review concludes with an outlook for charge transport modelling in organic electronics.

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“…In contrast, aromatic molecules such as ortho-chloranil, TCNQ, and dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) were used in doping phthalocyanines, stacked phthalocyanines, and oligothiophenes [463][464][465][466][467] but less effectively. In the last few years, systematic investigations were carried out to understand the underlying doping physics, which led to the development of OLEDs [468][469][470][471][472][473][474][475][476][477][478][479][480][481].…”

Section: Impurity-doped Os P-n Junctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic semiconductors for device applications: current trends and future prospects

Ahmad

2014

Journal of Polymer Engineering

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Abstract:With the rich experience of developing silicon devices over a period of the last six decades, it is easy to assess the suitability of a new material for device applications by examining charge carrier injection, transport, and extraction across a practically realizable architecture; surface passivation; and packaging and reliability issues besides the feasibility of preparing mechanically robust wafer/substrate of single-crystal or polycrystalline/ amorphous thin films. For material preparation, parameters such as purification of constituent materials, crystal growth, and thin-film deposition with minimum defects/ disorders are equally important. Further, it is relevant to know whether conventional semiconductor processes, already known, would be useable directly or would require completely new technologies. Having found a likely candidate after such a screening, it would be necessary to identify a specific area of application against an existing list of materials available with special reference to cost reduction considerations in large-scale production. Various families of organic semiconductors are reviewed here, especially with the objective of using them in niche areas of large-area electronic displays, flexible organic electronics, and organic photovoltaic solar cells. While doing so, it appears feasible to improve mobility and stability by adjusting π-conjugation and modifying the energy bandgap. Higher conductivity nanocomposites, formed by blending with chemically conjugated C-allotropes and metal nanoparticles, open exciting methods of designing flexible contact/interconnects for organic and flexible electronics as can be seen from the discussion included here.

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Bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices based on donor–acceptor organic small molecule blends

Cited by 172 publications

References 29 publications

Solar cells utilizing small molecular weight organic semiconductors

Solar cells utilizing small molecular weight organic semiconductors

Simulating charge transport in organic semiconductors and devices: a review

Organic semiconductors for device applications: current trends and future prospects

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