Bulk growth of organic 4-hydroxy l-proline (HLP) single crystals grown by conventional slow evaporation and Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy (SR) method

Crystal Growth by Unidirectional Method ‐ A Generalized View on the Crystalline Perfection of the Uni‐Indexed, Bi‐Indexed, and Tri‐Indexed Plane Single Crystals

“…On the other hand, bi-indexed and tri-indexed plane crystals have differences in surface energies and axial temperature gradient well within the crystal so that the staking of the repeated long-range order is reduced. Hence, the low surface energy plane grows faster than the higher surface energy planes so that bi-indexed seed crystals placed for the unidirectional growth encounter lattice disorder considerably compared to the uniindexed plane crystals [7,[25][26][27][28] while such disorder is more vigorous for the growing tri-indexed plane crystals. [29] In the case of unidirectional growth imposed on bi-indexed and tri-indexed planes, the planar interfaces and planer density are linearly increased that leads to the resultant lattice disorder in the growing crystal.…”

“…Govindan et al., have reported the 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene single crystal and found a couple of satellite peaks that indicate the occurrence of the relative lattice disorder. [ 25 ] In addition to that, as per the ref [27] the bi‐indexed crystal does not have any HRXRD or XRD results to confirm the degree of crystalline nature. More importantly, Sankaranarayanan et al., have grown (110) plane benzophenone crystals and observed one satellite peak along with a major broad diffraction curve wherein the full width at half maximum is 61 arc sec.…”

“…Benzophenone (110) was the first crystal grown by the SR method [ 7 ] and from thereon, numerous researchers have reported their respective crystal growth findings and the functional properties of the grown crystals. [ 8–29 ] For example, Balamurugan et al. have reported the crystal growth of KDP by the SR method along the uni‐indexed plane of (200) and obtained good crystalline perfection [ 8 ] that are also reflected in the crystals of L‐alaninium p‐toluenesulfonate (010), [ 9 ] Triglycine sulfate (001), [ 10 ] triglycine sulfate (010), [ 11 ] Sodium sulfanilate dehydrate (001), [ 12 ] Methyl 2‐amino‐5‐bromobenzoate (001), [ 13 ] ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (200), [ 14 ] benzophenone (100), [ 15 ] benzil (100), [ 16 ] nickel sulfate hexahydrate (004), [ 17 ] and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (100), [ 18 ] D‐π‐A type 2‐amino‐ 5‐nitropyridinium dihydrogen phosphate (001), [ 19 ] Imidazolium L‐Tartrate (010), [ 20 ] strontium bis (hydrogen L‐malate) hexahydrate (010), [ 21 ] sulfamic acid (100), [ 22 ] L‐alaninium p‐toluenesulfonate (010), [ 23 ] and Triglycine calcium dibromide (001).…”

“…have reported the crystal growth of KDP by the SR method along the uni‐indexed plane of (200) and obtained good crystalline perfection [ 8 ] that are also reflected in the crystals of L‐alaninium p‐toluenesulfonate (010), [ 9 ] Triglycine sulfate (001), [ 10 ] triglycine sulfate (010), [ 11 ] Sodium sulfanilate dehydrate (001), [ 12 ] Methyl 2‐amino‐5‐bromobenzoate (001), [ 13 ] ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (200), [ 14 ] benzophenone (100), [ 15 ] benzil (100), [ 16 ] nickel sulfate hexahydrate (004), [ 17 ] and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (100), [ 18 ] D‐π‐A type 2‐amino‐ 5‐nitropyridinium dihydrogen phosphate (001), [ 19 ] Imidazolium L‐Tartrate (010), [ 20 ] strontium bis (hydrogen L‐malate) hexahydrate (010), [ 21 ] sulfamic acid (100), [ 22 ] L‐alaninium p‐toluenesulfonate (010), [ 23 ] and Triglycine calcium dibromide (001). [ 24 ] Comparatively low number of bi‐indexed crystals were grown by the SR method and they are benzophenone (110) [ 7 ] 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene (011) [ 25 ] l‐Glutamic acid hydrobromide, [ 26 ] 4‐hydroxy l‐proline (110) [ 27 ] t‐stilbene, [ 28 ] ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (101), [ 29 ] and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (101). [ 29 ] Tri‐indexed plane crystal growth of ninhydrin (111) [ 30 ] by the SR method has been reported by Neelam Rani et al., and such kind of tri‐indexed crystal growth by the SR method is rare and we have found, to date, only one report in this regard.…”