Bulk Crystals to Surfaces:  Combining X-ray Diffraction and Atomic Force Microscopy to Probe the Structure and Formation of Crystal Interfaces

Ward, Michael D.

doi:10.1021/cr000020j

Cited by 139 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 130 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

142

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…AFM imaging has proven to be a powerful tool for real-time visualization of crystal growth on specific faces of organic and inorganic crystals (21)(22)(23)(24), including COM (15,25). AFM imaging also has been used to obtain images of kidney stones (26).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion at calcium oxalate crystal surfaces and the effect of urinary constituents

Sheng

Jung

Wesson

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

184

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kidney stones, aggregates of microcrystals, most commonly contain calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) as the primary constituent. The aggregation of COM microcrystals and their attachment to epithelial cells are thought to involve adhesion at COM crystal surfaces, mediated by anionic molecules or urinary macromolecules. Identification of the most important functional group-crystal face adhesive combinations is crucial to understanding the stability of COM aggregates and the strength of their attachments to epithelial cell surfaces under flow in the renal tubules of the kidney. Here, we describe direct measurements of adhesion forces, by atomic force microscopy, between various functional groups and select faces of COM crystals immersed in aqueous media. Tip-immobilized carboxylate and amidinium groups displayed the largest adhesion forces, and the adhesive strength of the COM crystal faces decreased in the order (100) > (121 ) > (010), demonstrating that adhesion is sensitive to the structure and composition of crystal faces. The influence of citrate and certain urinary proteins on adhesion was examined, and it was curious that osteopontin, a suspected regulator of stone formation, increased the adhesion force between a carboxylate tip and the (100) crystal face. This behavior was unique among the various combinations of additives and COM crystal faces examined here. Collectively, the force measurements demonstrate that adhesion of functional groups and binding of soluble additives, including urinary macromolecules, to COM crystal surfaces are highly specific in nature, suggesting a path toward a better understanding of kidney stone disease and the eventual design of therapeutic agents.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion at calcium oxalate crystal surfaces and the effect of urinary constituents

Sheng

Jung

Wesson

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

184

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Atomic force microscopy employs an ultrasmall tip, usually silicon or silicon nitride, located at the end of a silicon cantilever, which is brought into contact with a sample surface using piezoelectric actuators (17,18). As the tip is scanned across the sample, the surface topography can be visualized from the vertical motion of the tip, which is deduced from the position of a laser beam, reflected off the back of the cantilever, on a position sensitive photodiode detector.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Surface Adhesion Explains the Pathological Activity of Calcium Oxalate Hydrates in Kidney Stone Formation

Sheng

Ward

Wesson

2005

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Self Cite

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Renal tubular fluid in the distal nephron of the kidney is supersaturated with calcium oxalate (CaOx), which crystallizes in the tubules as either calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) or calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). Kidney stones are aggregates, most commonly containing microcrystals of COM as the primary inorganic constituent. Stones also contain small amounts of embedded proteins, which are thought to play an adhesive role in these aggregates, and they often are found attached to the tip of renal papilla, presumably through adhesive contacts. Voided urine, however, often contains COD in the form of single micron-sized crystals. This suggests that COD formation protects against stone disease because of its reduced capacity to form stable aggregates and strong adhesion contacts to renal epithelial cells. Using atomic force microscopy configured with tips modified with biologically relevant functional groups, we have compared the adhesion strengths of the morphologically important faces of COM and COD. These measurements provide direct experimental evidence, at the near molecular level, for poorer adhesion at COD crystal faces, which explains the benign character of COD and has implications for resolving one of the mysteries of kidney stone formation.

show abstract

“…Analogous to the growth of molecular crystals (34), the size of the crystalline domains only increases if the incoming building materials adopt positions in the growing crystal that are an extension of the ordered structure. It is important to make a distinction between growth in the size of the crystalline domain and growth in the size of the DNA-AuNP aggregate.…”

Section: Formation Of Aggregates Via Slow Cooling Through the Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly and organization processes in DNA-directed colloidal crystallization

Macfarlane

Lee

Hill

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

140

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present an analysis of the key steps involved in the DNAdirected assembly of nanoparticles into crystallites and polycrystalline aggregates. Additionally, the rate of crystal growth as a function of increased DNA linker length, solution temperature, and self-complementary versus non-self-complementary DNA linker strands (1-versus 2-component systems) has been studied. The data show that the crystals grow via a 3-step process: an initial ''random binding'' phase resulting in disordered DNA-AuNP aggregates, followed by localized reorganization and subsequent growth of crystalline domain size, where the resulting crystals are well-ordered at all subsequent stages of growth.DNA materials ͉ SAXS ͉ self assembly T he chemical and physical properties of most materials are determined by the placement of individual atoms relative to one another (1-4). These atom-atom interactions include forces such as covalent and ionic bonds, Van der Waals forces and London dispersion forces. However, in the field of nanomaterials, the length scales of particle assembly are significantly larger and the assembly process is governed by a more complicated set of interactions (5-7). The tailorable arrangement of nanoscale materials through directed-mechanisms has proven to be the most practical method to create ordered arrangements of nanoparticles in solution (8-15); crystalline nanoparticle aggregates have potential implications for the development of materials with unique plasmonic (16, 17), photonic (18, 19), electrical (20), and magnetic properties (21). Previous strategies developed to create well-ordered nanoscale assemblies have used electrostatic interactions (11, 12), hydrogen bonding networks (10, 13), and peptide recognition properties (9). Over a decade ago, we introduced the concept of synthetically programmable particle assembly through the use of DNA and polyvalent oligonucleotide nanoparticle conjugates (22). Recently, we (23,24) and the Gang group (25) independently used these principles to construct highly-ordered nanoparticle crystallites via DNA hybridization, where crystal type and lattice parameters can be programmed through design of DNA linker.The formation of these crystals involves multiple types of molecular interactions that are highly dependent and predictable based on the DNA base sequence (22,(26)(27)(28), where the hybridization of the DNA linkers drives the crystallization process. Moreover, the ultimate structure formed is typically the one that maximizes the number of hybridization events, and therefore, if enough thermal energy is provided, the system will typically equilibrate to this structure (23,25,29,30). Indeed, only highly-ordered crystalline aggregates present the thermodynamically most stable arrangement of nanoparticles, because they allow for a maximum of nearestneighbor complementary DNA interactions.Previous work has shown that the complexity of the nanoparticle systems studied thus far necessitates significant thermal annealing to create the thermodynamically favorable crystal structu...

show abstract

Bulk Crystals to Surfaces: Combining X-ray Diffraction and Atomic Force Microscopy to Probe the Structure and Formation of Crystal Interfaces

Abstract: His research interests include molecular materials and crystal engineering, physical and electronic properties of molecular solids, nucleation and growth of organic and protein crystals, scanning probe microscopy, and interfacial phenomena.

Cited by 139 publications

References 130 publications

Adhesion at calcium oxalate crystal surfaces and the effect of urinary constituents

Adhesion at calcium oxalate crystal surfaces and the effect of urinary constituents

Crystal Surface Adhesion Explains the Pathological Activity of Calcium Oxalate Hydrates in Kidney Stone Formation

Assembly and organization processes in DNA-directed colloidal crystallization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About