Bulk and isotopic characterization of biogenic CO2 sources and variability in the Weyburn injection area

Risk, David; McArthur, Gordon; Nickerson, Nicholas; Phillips, Claire L.; Hart, Christian L.; Egan, Jocelyn; Lavoie, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.02.024

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…5). FD measurements also had a considerable number of high magnitude fluxes, or spikes, which have also been noted in FD measurements in other field studies (Lavoie et al, 2012;Risk et al, 2013). No attempts were made to smooth the soil flux data, because the spikes may be natural high-frequency phenomena (i.e., pressure pumping) that are not normally detected by the comparatively slowsampling, dynamic soil chambers like the LI-8100 system.…”

Section: General Patternsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Biological and physical influences on soil 14CO2 seasonal dynamics in a temperate hardwood forest

et al. 2013

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Abstract. While radiocarbon ( 14 C) abundances in standing stocks of soil carbon have been used to evaluate rates of soil carbon turnover on timescales of several years to centuries, soil-respired 14 CO 2 measurements are an important tool for identifying more immediate responses to disturbance and climate change. Soil 14 CO 2 data, however, are often temporally sparse and could be interpreted better with more context for typical seasonal ranges and trends. We report on a semi-high-frequency sampling campaign to distinguish physical and biological drivers of soil 14 CO 2 at a temperate forest site in northern Wisconsin, USA. We sampled 14 CO 2 profiles every three weeks during snow-free months through 2012 in three intact plots and one trenched plot that excluded roots. Respired 14 CO 2 declined through the summer in intact plots, shifting from an older C composition that contained more bomb 14 C to a younger composition more closely resembling present 14 C levels in the atmosphere. In the trenched plot, respired 14 CO 2 was variable but remained comparatively higher than in intact plots, reflecting older bomb-enriched 14 C sources. Although respired 14 CO 2 from intact plots correlated with soil moisture, related analyses did not support a clear cause-and-effect relationship with moisture. The initial decrease in 14 CO 2 from spring to midsummer could be explained by increases in 14 Cdeplete root respiration; however, 14 CO 2 continued to decline in late summer after root activity decreased. We also investigated whether soil moisture impacted vertical partitioning of CO 2 production, but found this had little effect on respired 14 CO 2 because CO 2 contained modern bomb C at depth, even in the trenched plot. This surprising result contrasted with decades to centuries-old pre-bomb CO 2 produced in lab incubations of the same soils. Our results suggest that root-derived C and other recent C sources had dominant impacts on respired 14 CO 2 in situ, even at depth. We propose that 14 CO 2 may have declined through late summer in intact plots because of continued microbial turnover of root-derived C, following declines in root respiration. Our results agree with other studies showing declines in the 14 C content of soil respiration over the growing season, and suggest inputs of new photosynthates through roots are an important driver.

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Section: General Patternsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Biological and physical influences on soil 14CO2 seasonal dynamics in a temperate hardwood forest

et al. 2013

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“…Methods that rely on a process understanding of the method to hand, for example the fixed gases technique for soil gases have advantages here (Romanak et al, , 2014. Modelling of soil gas processes may also be helpful in reducing the need for baselines and improving signal-to-noise ratio Risk et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The state of the art in monitoring and verification—Ten years on

Jenkins

Chadwick

Hovorka

2015

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

182

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a b s t r a c tIn the ten years since publication of the IPCC Special Report on CCS, there has been considerable progress in monitoring and verification (M&V). Numerous injection projects, ranging from small injection pilots to much larger longer-term commercial operations, have been successfully monitored to the satisfaction of regulatory agencies, and technologies have been adapted and implemented to demonstrate containment, conformance, and no environmental impact. In this review we consider M&V chiefly from the perspective of its ability to satisfy stakeholders that these three key requirements are being met. From selected project examples, we show how this was done, and reflect particularly on the nature of the verification process. It is clear that deep-focussed monitoring will deliver the primary requirement to demonstrate conformance and containment and to provide early warning of any deviations from predicted storage behaviour. Progress in seismic imaging, especially offshore, and the remarkable results with InSAR from In Salah are highlights of the past decade. A wide range of shallow monitoring techniques has been tested at many sites, focussing especially on the monitoring of soil gas and groundwater. Quantification of any detected emissions would be required in some jurisdictions to satisfy carbon mitigation targets in the event of leakage to surface: however, given the likely high security of foreseeable storage sites, we suggest that shallow monitoring should focus mainly on assuring against environmental impacts. This reflects the low risk profile of well selected and well operated storage sites and recognizes the over-arching need for monitoring to be directed to specific, measureable risks. In particular, regulatory compliance might usefully involve clearer articulation of leakage scenarios, with this specificity making it possible to demonstrate "no leakage" in a more objective way than is currently the case. We also consider the monitoring issues for CO 2 -EOR, and argue that there are few technical problems in providing assurance that EOR sites are successfully sequestering CO 2 ; the issues lie largely in linking existing oil and gas regulations to new greenhouse gas policy. We foresee that, overall, monitoring technologies will continue to benefit from synergies with oil and gas operations, but that the distinctive regulatory and certification environments for CCS may pose new questions. Overall, while there is clearly scope for technical improvements, more clearly posed requirements, and better communication of monitoring results, we reiterate that this has been a decade of significant achievement that leaves monitoring and verification well placed to serve the wider CCS enterprise.Crown

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“…In regards to the remote sensing methods described above, 13 CO 2 is the most likely candidate for isotopologue detection (Reuter et al, 2012;Risk et al, 2013). Gases like methane and ethane naturally occur within some geologic sequestration sites, particularly those in depleted gas and oil fields, and exist at lower ambient concentrations, making them easier to detect than CO 2 (Klusman, 2011;White et al, 2010).…”

Section: Non-additive Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing of CO2 leakage from geologic sequestration projects

Verkerke

Williams

Thoma

2014

International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinfor

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Bulk and isotopic characterization of biogenic CO2 sources and variability in the Weyburn injection area

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

Biological and physical influences on soil <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> seasonal dynamics in a temperate hardwood forest

Biological and physical influences on soil <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> seasonal dynamics in a temperate hardwood forest

The state of the art in monitoring and verification—Ten years on

Remote sensing of CO2 leakage from geologic sequestration projects

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Bulk and isotopic characterization of biogenic CO2 sources and variability in the Weyburn injection area

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

Biological and physical influences on soil &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; seasonal dynamics in a temperate hardwood forest

Biological and physical influences on soil &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; seasonal dynamics in a temperate hardwood forest

The state of the art in monitoring and verification—Ten years on

Remote sensing of CO2 leakage from geologic sequestration projects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Biological and physical influences on soil <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> seasonal dynamics in a temperate hardwood forest

Biological and physical influences on soil <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> seasonal dynamics in a temperate hardwood forest