Bulging Anterior Fontanelle Caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2

Sethuraman, Chidambaram; Holland, Jonathon; Priego, Gema; Khan, Farman Ali; Johnson, Richard J.; Keane, Morgan

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000003750

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Although the neurological manifestations were consistent across all pandemic waves, the frequency of these manifestations varied based on the wave of the pandemic and the age of the patient. The neurological manifestations described in this study have been documented in scientific literature, including rare cases [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Neurological Manifestations of Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pediatric Patients: A 3-Year Study on Differences between Pandemic Waves

Vivisenco,

Lescaie,

Dragomirescu

et al. 2024

Viruses

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This study analyzed the neurological manifestation profiles of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across pandemic waves in pediatric patients. The study collected data on patients aged between 0 and 18 years, diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, admitted to a pediatric tertiary hospital between 1 March 2020 and 28 February 2023. This study included 1677 patients. Neurological manifestations were noted in 10% (n = 168) of patients with a median age of 3.2 years (interquartile range: 1–11.92). Neurological manifestations were significantly associated with the pandemic waves (p = 0.006) and age groups (p < 0.001). Seizures were noted in 4.2% of cases and reached an increasing frequency over time (p = 0.001), but were not associated with age groups. Febrile seizures accounted for the majority of seizures. Headache was reported in 2.6% of cases and had similar frequencies across the pandemic waves and age groups. Muscular involvement was noted in 2% of cases, reached a decreasing frequency over time (p < 0.001), and showed different frequencies among the age groups. Neurological manifestations of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit distinct patterns, depending on the pandemic wave and patient age group. The Wuhan and Omicron waves involved the nervous system more often than the other waves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Neurological Manifestations of Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pediatric Patients: A 3-Year Study on Differences between Pandemic Waves

Vivisenco,

Lescaie,

Dragomirescu

et al. 2024

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the neurological manifestations were consistent across all pandemic waves, the frequency of these manifestations varied based on the wave of the pandemic and the age of the patient. The neurological manifestations described in this study have been documented in scienti c literature, including rare cases [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological manifestations of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients: a 3-year study

Vivisenco,

Lescaie,

Dragomirescu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Purpose This study analyzed the neurological manifestation profiles of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across pandemic waves in pediatric patients. Methods This retrospective study analyzed the data of patients aged 0–18 years who were diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and admitted to a pediatric tertiary hospital between March 1, 2020, and February 28, 2023. The presence of neurological manifestations was established based on the symptoms noted in each patient chart. The relationships between neurological manifestations and pandemic waves or age groups were assessed using the chi-square test. Results This study included 1677 patients. Neurological manifestations were noted in 10% (n = 168) of patients with a 3.2 years median age (interquartile range: 1–11.92). Neurological manifestations were significantly associated with the pandemic waves (p = 0.006) and age groups (p < 0.001). Seizures were noted in 4.2% of cases and reached an increasing frequency over time (p = 0.001), but were not associated with age groups. Febrile seizures accounted for the majority of seizures. Headache was reported in 2.6% of cases and had similar frequencies across the pandemic waves and age groups. Muscular involvement was noted in 2% of cases and reached a decreasing frequency over time (p < 0.001) and showed different frequencies among the age groups. Conclusions Neurological manifestations of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit distinct patterns, depending on the pandemic wave and patient age group. The Wuhan and Omicron waves involved the nervous system more often than the other waves; however, this was probably through different mechanisms.

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“…One review cited an incidence of central nervous system involvement as high as 50% in these patients [ 85 ]. Two infants aged 4 and 9 months presented with bulging fontanelles [ 99 , 100 ]. One of the latter had evidence from imaging suggestive of increased intracranial pressure [ 100 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 Among Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…85) Two infants aged 4 and 9 months presented with bulging fontanelles. 99,100) One of the latter had evidence from imaging suggestive of increased intracranial pres sure. 100) The illnesses of both patients resolved without other neurological sequelae.…”

Section: Manifestations Of Infant Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the studies reporting on the cell counts of CSF, 25 were reportedly acellular. 30,34,58,89,90,92,93,[95][96][97][98][99][100][101] Two reports citing pleocytosis in the CSF documented a monocytic or mixed count. 34,102) One of the latter was assessed directly for SAR-CoV-2 by amplification technology and deemed negative.…”

Section: Manifestations Of Infant Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 among infants: key clinical features and remaining controversies

Cimolai

2024

Clin Exp Pediatr

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Infants aged <1 year represent a seemingly more susceptible pediatric subset for infections. Despite this, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has not been proven as more serious in this age group (outside the very early neonatal period) than in others. Indeed, a considerable number of asymptomatic infections have been recorded, and the symptoms and morbidity associated with COVID- 19 differ minimally from those of other respiratory viral infections. Whether due to an abundance of caution or truly reduced susceptibility, infections in infants have not raised the same profile as those in other age groups. In addition to direct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 diagnostic tests, laboratory markers that differentiate COVID-19 from other viral infections lack specificity in infants. Gastrointestinal presentations are common, and the neurological complications of infection mirror those of other respiratory viral infections. There have been relatively few reports of infant deaths. Under appropriate precautions, breastfeeding in the context of maternal infections has been associated with tangible but infrequent complications. Vaccination during pregnancy provides protection against infection in infants, at least in the early months of life. Multi-inflammatory syndrome in children and multi-inflammatory syndrome in neonates are commonly cited as variants of COVID-19; however, their clinical definitions remain controversial. Similarly, reliable definitions of long COVID in the infant group are controversial. This narrative review examines the key clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 in infants and identifies several areas of science awaiting further clarification.

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Bulging Anterior Fontanelle Caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2

Abstract: Neurologic manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease in children are varied. We present the case of a 9-month-old child with bulging anterior fontanelle caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Neurological Manifestations of Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pediatric Patients: A 3-Year Study on Differences between Pandemic Waves

Neurological Manifestations of Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pediatric Patients: A 3-Year Study on Differences between Pandemic Waves

Neurological manifestations of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients: a 3-year study

COVID-19 among infants: key clinical features and remaining controversies

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