Bulb growth potential is independent of leaf longevity for the spring ephemeralErythronium americanumKer-Gawl

Abstract

Growth in most spring ephemerals is decreased under warmer temperatures. Although photosynthetic activities are improved at warmer temperatures, leaves senesce earlier, which prevents the bulb from reaching a larger size. A longer leaf life duration during a warm spring, therefore, may improve bulb mass. We tested this hypothesis by modulating leaf life span of Erythronium americanum through the application of Promalin® (PRO; cytokinins and gibberellins) that prolonged, or silver thiosulphate (STS) that reduced leaf duration. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured along with leaf and bulb carbohydrate concentrations. Plants were also pulse labelled with 13CO2 to monitor sugar transport to the bulb. Lower photosynthetic rates and shorter leaf life span of STS plants reduced the quantity of C that they assimilated during the season, resulting in a smaller bulb compared to Control plants. PRO plants maintained their photosynthetic rates for a longer period than Control plants, yet final bulb biomass did not differ between them. We conclude that seasonal growth for E. americanum is not limited by leaf life duration under warm growing conditions, but rather by limited sink growth capacity. Under global warming, spring geophytes might be at risk of being reduced in size and eventually, reproducing less frequently.HighlightWarmer springs negatively affect trout lily growth and delaying leaf senescence in this spring ephemeral does not translate into a larger bulb if temperatures remain high during springtime.