Built Environment, Physical Activity and Diabetes

Anjana, Ranjit Mohan

doi:10.18520/cs/v113/i07/1327-1336

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The effects of walking in neighbourhoods can be increased by providing pedestrian paths that are usable and unobstructed, by implementing motor-traffic reduction strategies, by increasing good street connectivity and by providing parks, green space, playgrounds and recreation areas. 65 Our systematic review found consistent evidence of an association of the food environment with T2D risk/ prevalence. An increase in fruit and vegetable vendor availability was associated with a lower T2D risk in an Indian study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Associations of the built environment with type 2 diabetes in Asia: a systematic review

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesOur study aimed to systematically review the literature and synthesise findings on potential associations of built environment characteristics with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Asia.DesignSystematic review of the literature.Data sourcesOnline databases Medline, Embase and Global Health were used to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published from inception to 23 January 2023.Eligibility criteriaEligible studies included cohort, cross-sectional and case–control studies that explored associations of built environment characteristics with T2D among adults 18 years and older in Asia.Data extraction and synthesisCovidence online was used to remove duplicates and perform title, abstract and full-text screening. Data extraction was carried out by two independent reviewers using the OVID database and data were imported into MS Excel. Out of 5208 identified studies, 28 studies were included in this systematic review. Due to heterogeneity in study design, built environment and outcome definitions, a semiqualitative analysis was conducted, which synthesised results using weighted z-scores.ResultsFive broad categories of built environment characteristics were associated with T2D in Asia. These included urban green space, walkability, food environment, availability and accessibility of services such as recreational and healthcare facilities and air pollution. We found very strong evidence of a positive association of particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide (p<0.001) with T2D risk.ConclusionSeveral built environment attributes were significantly related to T2D in Asia. When compared with Western countries, very few studies have been conducted in Asia. Further research is, therefore, warranted to establish the importance of the built environment on T2D. Such evidence is essential for public health and planning policies to (re)design neighbourhoods and help improve public health across Asian countries.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020214852.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of the built environment with type 2 diabetes in Asia: a systematic review

et al. 2023

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“…least partially be due to regional differences in physical activity and dietary patterns. 29,30 Employment patterns may be a potential explanation for this, as there are substantial differences in occupations between people living in urban vs rural areas. 31 These differences may also be due to differences in sociodemographic characteristics of participants treated in rural areas, compared with those who are not treated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Estimates of the Adult Diabetes Care Continuum in India, 2019-2021

et al. 2023

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ImportanceDiabetes is widespread and treatable, but little is known about the diabetes care continuum (diagnosis, treatment, and control) in India and how it varies at the national, state, and district levels.ObjectiveTo estimate the adult population levels of diabetes diagnosis, treatment, and control in India at national, state, and district levels and by sociodemographic characteristics.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional, nationally representative survey study from 2019 to 2021, adults in India from 28 states, 8 union territories, and 707 districts were surveyed for India’s Fifth National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). The survey team collected data on blood glucose among all adults (18-98 years) who were living in the same household as eligible participants (pregnant or nonpregnant female individuals aged 15-49 years and male individuals aged 15-54 years). The overall sample consisted of 1 895 287 adults. The analytic sample was restricted to those who either self-reported having diabetes or who had a valid measurement of blood glucose.ExposuresThe exposures in this survey study were district and state residence; urban vs rural residence; age (18-39 years, 40-64 years, or ≥65 years); sex; and household wealth quintile.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDiabetes was defined by self-report or high capillary blood glucose (fasting: ≥126 mg/dL [to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555]; nonfasting: ≥220 mg/dL). Among respondents who had previously been diagnosed with diabetes, the main outcome was the proportion treated based on self-reported medication use and the proportion controlled (fasting: blood glucose &lt;126 mg/dL; nonfasting: ≤180 mg/dL). The findings were benchmarked against the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Diabetes Compact targets (80% diagnosis; 80% control among those diagnosed). The variance in indicators between and within states was partitioned using variance partition coefficients (VPCs).ResultsAmong 1 651 176 adult respondents (mean [SD] age, 41.6 [16.4] years; 867 896 [52.6%] female) with blood glucose measures, the proportion of individuals with diabetes was 6.5% (95% CI, 6.4%-6.6%). Among adults with diabetes, 74.2% (95% CI, 73.3%-75.0%) were diagnosed. Among those diagnosed, 59.4% (95% CI, 58.1%-60.6%) reported taking medication, and 65.5% (95% CI, 64.5%-66.4%) achieved control. Diagnosis and treatment were higher in urban areas, older age groups, and wealthier households. Among those diagnosed in the 707 districts surveyed, 246 (34.8%) districts met the WHO diagnosis target, while 76 (10.7%) districts met the WHO control target. Most of the variability in diabetes diagnosis (VPC, 89.1%), treatment (VPC, 85.9%), and control (VPC, 95.6%) were within states, not between states.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study, the diabetes care continuum in India is represented by considerable district-level variation, age-related disparities, and rural-urban differences. Surveillance at the district level can guide state health administrators to prioritize interventions and monitor achievement of global targets.

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“…Studies have constructed quantitative indicators of green space (e.g., green space rate, quantity and quality of green space, accessibility of green space) to quantify the correlation with the prevalence of CVD. To do this, studies have reported the influence of various elements of green space on cardiovascular health, such as a negative correlation between green space rate, quantity, and accessibility of green space and the prevalence of CVD with a radius of 1-3 km [18,[75][76][77][78][79][80]. In addition, the youth is a group that was identified as needing special attention.…”

Section: Cluster Analysis Of the Literature Co-citation Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientometric Analysis of The Relationship between a Built Environment and Cardiovascular Disease

Zheng

Zhang

Yuan

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are necessary to improve patient quality of life and to reduce the burden of medical and other social problems. Reducing the impact of CVD through environmental intervention was hailed as the most economical approach and research into such interventions is becoming key. The purpose of this article is to summarize the research topics and developments in the field of the built environment and CVD between 2000 and 2021 using scientometric analysis. In total, 1304 records retrieved from the Web of Science core database were analyzed using CiteSpace software, and the results were displayed using knowledge mapping. The number of publications and conferences relating to the built environment and CVD showed an upward trend over the study period, with the United States taking the lead. Physical activity and the food environment were used as mediators and entry points to map the relationship between the built environment and CVD. Walkability, residence characteristics, the food environment, and greenness were key research topics. Research shifted over the period to incorporate quantitative analyses of subjective feelings while focusing on decreasing sedentary behavior. Understanding the variability in the built environment is critical to improving the generalizability of the findings presented in the individual studies. Inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary research is conducive to innovation and ensuring the integration of real environmental elements. This study provides an overview and valuable guidance for researchers relating to how the built environment impacts CVD.

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Built Environment, Physical Activity and Diabetes

Cited by 4 publications

References 63 publications

Associations of the built environment with type 2 diabetes in Asia: a systematic review

Associations of the built environment with type 2 diabetes in Asia: a systematic review

National Estimates of the Adult Diabetes Care Continuum in India, 2019-2021

Scientometric Analysis of The Relationship between a Built Environment and Cardiovascular Disease

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