Building vs. Rebuilding Epidermis: Comparison Embryonic Development and Adult Wound Repair

Park, Sang‐Bum

doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.796080

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Given the similarities between embryonic tissue development and wound repair (Park, 2021), the role of mTOR signaling in epidermal morphogenesis also translates into skin repair. The direct hint of an important role of mTOR in skin wound healing is the robust activation of mTORC1 (pS6) and mTORC2 (AKT-…”

Section: Activated Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Signaling Drives E...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulation of skin homeostasis, repair and the pathogenesis of skin diseases by spatiotemporal activation of epidermal mTOR signaling

Wang

Cui

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The epidermis, the outmost layer of the skin, is a stratified squamous epithelium that protects the body from the external world. The epidermis and its appendages need constantly renew themselves and replace the damaged tissues caused by environmental assaults. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a central controller of cell growth and metabolism that plays a critical role in development, homeostasis and diseases. Recent findings suggest that mTOR signaling is activated in a spatiotemporal and context-dependent manner in the epidermis, coordinating diverse skin homeostatic processes. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling underlies the pathogenesis of skin diseases, including psoriasis and skin cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of epidermal mTOR signaling activity and function in skin, with a focus on skin barrier formation, hair regeneration, wound repair, as well as skin pathological disorders. We propose that fine-tuned control of mTOR signaling is essential for epidermal structural and functional integrity.

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Section: Activated Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Signaling Drives E...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulation of skin homeostasis, repair and the pathogenesis of skin diseases by spatiotemporal activation of epidermal mTOR signaling

Wang

Cui

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…In the mouse epidermis, LC and dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC) form spatially complementary DC networks. Dendrites from the LC-DETC network extend to contact each other and most basal KC [30,78], which is where epidermal malignant transformation typically occurs. Furthermore, LC constantly survey and respond to epidermal stress and trigger downstream inflammatory and immunogenic responses.…”

Section: Langerhans Cells In Skin Cancer Development and Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Skin Langerhans Cells in Immune Tolerance and Cancer Immunity

et al. 2022

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Langerhans cells (LC) are a unique population of tissue-resident macrophages with dendritic cell (DC) functionality that form a network of cells across the epidermis of the skin. Their location at the skin barrier suggests an important role for LC as immune sentinels at the skin surface. The classification of LC as DC over the past few decades has driven the scientific community to extensively study how LC function as DC-like cells that prime T cell immunity. However, LC are a unique type of tissue-resident macrophages, and recent evidence also supports an immunoregulatory role of LC at steady state and during specific inflammatory conditions, highlighting the impact of cutaneous environment in shaping LC functionality. In this mini review, we discuss the recent literature on the immune tolerance function of LC in homeostasis and disease conditions, including malignant transformation and progression; as well as LC functional plasticity for adaption to microenvironmental cues and the potential connection between LC population heterogeneity and functional diversity. Future investigation into the molecular mechanisms that LC use to integrate different microenvironment cues and adapt immunological responses for controlling LC functional plasticity is needed for future breakthroughs in tumor immunology, vaccine development, and treatments for inflammatory skin diseases.

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“…The hair follicle is composed of epithelial cells that are continuous with the interfollicular epidermis. Therefore, the morphogenesis of hair follicles occurs along with the development of the epidermis (Park, 2022). The epidermis originated from the surface ectoderm at embryonic day (E) 8.5 in mice and stratified into four different types of layers: basal, spinous, granular, and cornified layers, through differentiation during development (Koster and Roop, 2007).…”

Section: Hair Follicle Morphogenesis During Embryonic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair Follicle Morphogenesis During Embryogenesis, Neogenesis, and Organogenesis

Park

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Hair follicles are mini organs that repeat the growth and regression cycle continuously. These dynamic changes are driven by the regulation of stem cells via their multiple niche components. To build the complex structure of hair follicles and surrounding niches, sophisticated morphogenesis is required during embryonic development. This review will explore how hair follicles are formed and maintained through dynamic cellular changes and diverse signaling pathways. In addition, comparison of differences in stem cells and surrounding niche components during embryogenesis, neogenesis, and organogenesis will provide a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms for hair follicle generation and insights into skin regeneration.

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Building vs. Rebuilding Epidermis: Comparison Embryonic Development and Adult Wound Repair

Cited by 7 publications

References 94 publications

The regulation of skin homeostasis, repair and the pathogenesis of skin diseases by spatiotemporal activation of epidermal mTOR signaling

The regulation of skin homeostasis, repair and the pathogenesis of skin diseases by spatiotemporal activation of epidermal mTOR signaling

The Roles of Skin Langerhans Cells in Immune Tolerance and Cancer Immunity

Hair Follicle Morphogenesis During Embryogenesis, Neogenesis, and Organogenesis

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