Building the Zagros collisional orogen: Timing, strain distribution and the dynamics of Arabia/Eurasia plate convergence

Mouthereau, Frédéric; Lacombe, Olivier; Vergés, Jaume

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.01.022

Cited by 530 publications

(411 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…Southern Iran can be divided into a set of three parallel NW-SE trending tectonic zones including: the Zagros FoldThrust Belt, the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, and the TertiaryQuaternary Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc (Alavi 1994;Mouthereau et al 2012;Mohajjel & Fergusson 2014;Hassanzadeh & Wernicke 2016), (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Zagros is the largest mountain belt and the most active collisional orogen associ ated with Arabia/Eurasia convergence. It belongs to the AlpineHimalayan orogenic system that resulted from closure of the Neotethys Ocean during the Cenozoic (Alavi 1994;McQuarrie et al 2003;Mouthereau et al 2012;Hassanzadeh & Wernicke 2016). The tectonic history of these zones as part of the Tethyan region has been summarized by many authors (e.g., Berberian & King 1981;Alavi 1994;Omrani et al 2008;Khadivi et al 2012;Mouthereau et al 2012;Mohajjel & Fergusson 2014;Shafaii Moghadam et al 2014;Hassanzadeh & Wernicke 2016).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is believed that the zone mostly consists of arc-related calc-alkaline granitoid, gabbro and some volcanic rocks along with amphibolite and kyanite-garnet schist formed during the subduction of Neotethys beneath the Iranian plate (Berberian & King 1981;Alavi 1994;Mouthereau et al 2012). During the Palaeozoic period, the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone was a part of northeast Gondwanaland separated from the Eurasian plate by the PalaeoTethys Ocean (Golonka 2004;Mouthereau et al 2012;. A north-dipping subduction system developed along the Palaeotethys margin (Golonka 2004).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the tectonic regime between the Arabian margin and Sanandaj-Sirjan plate altered from passive to convergent (Ricou 1994). During the Mesozoic, the oceanic crust of the Neotethys was subducted beneath the Eurasian plate (Golonka 2004;Molinaro et al 2005;Agard et al 2011;Yousefirad 2011;Mouthereau et al 2012;Karimi et al 2012;Mohajjel & Fergusson 2014;Sheikholeslami 2015), and the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone occupied the position of a magmatic arc Agard et al 2005;Agard et al 2011;Karimi et al 2012;Mouthereau et al 2012;Chiu et al 2013;Mohajjel & Fergusson 2014;Akbari et al 2016;Hassanzadeh & Wernicke 2016). Subduction and arc magmatism began in latest Triassic/Early Jurassic time, culminating at ~170 Ma (Hassanzadeh & Wernicke 2016).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subduction and arc magmatism began in latest Triassic/Early Jurassic time, culminating at ~170 Ma (Hassanzadeh & Wernicke 2016). The final closure of the Neotethys and the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates took place during the Tertiary period Alavi 1994;Golonka 2004;Molinaro et al 2005;Omrani et al 2008;Agard et al 2011;Mouthereau 2011;Yousefirad 2011;Khadivi et al 2012;Mouthereau et al 2012;Mohajjel & Fergusson 2014;Sheikholeslami 2015). Based on Hassanzadeh & Wernicke (2016) the collision took place during the mid-Tertiary.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical characteristics and conditions of formation of the Chah-Bazargan peraluminous granitic patches, ShahrBabak, Iran

Fazlnia¹

2017

Geologica Carpathica

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Xenoliths of garnet-biotite-kyanite schist from the Qori metamorphic complex (southern part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, northeast Neyriz, Zagros orogen in Iran) in the 173.0±1.6 Ma Chah-Bazargan leuco-quartz diorite intrusion were studied. This intrusion caused these schist xenoliths to be metamorphosed to the pyroxene hornfels facies (approximately 4.5±1.0 kbar and 760±35 °C), converting them to diatexite migmatite as a result of partial melting of the xenoliths. These melts are granites in composition. Melt volumes of 20 to 30 vol. % were calculated for small patches of the peraluminous granites. It is possible that anatectic melting affected only the leucosome, such that melting was more than 20 to 30 vol. %. It is possible that a large amount of melt was not extracted due to balanced in situ crystallization, the adhesion force between melt and crystal (restite), and high viscosity of the leucosome. The Chah-Bazargan peraluminous granites are depleted in trace elements such as REEs, HFSE (Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Th, U, Hf, Y), Ba, Pb, and Sr. These elements are largely insensitive to source enrichment, but sensitive to the amounts of main and accessory minerals. These elements were hosted by minerals such as garnet, biotite, muscovite, K-feldspar, plagioclase, ilmenite, apatite, monazite, and zircon in the source (diatexitic migmatitic xenoliths).

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical characteristics and conditions of formation of the Chah-Bazargan peraluminous granitic patches, ShahrBabak, Iran

Fazlnia¹

2017

Geologica Carpathica

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Buildup of a dynamically supported orogenic plateau: Numerical modeling of the Zagros/Central Iran case study

François

Burov

Agard

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The Iranian plateau is a vast inland region with a smooth average elevation of c. 1.5 km formed at the rear of the Zagros orogen as a result of the Arabia-Eurasia collision (i.e., over the last [30][31][32][33][34][35]. This collision zone is of particular interest due to its disputed resemblance to the faster Himalayan collision, which gave birth to the Tibetan plateau around 50 Myr ago. Recent studies have suggested that a recent (10-5 Ma) slab break-off event below Central Iran caused the formation of the Iranian plateau. Here, we test several hypotheses through large-scale (3082 3 590 km) numerical models of continental subduction models that incorporate a free upper surface erosion, rheological stratification, brittle-elastic-ductile rheologies, and metamorphic phase changes (density and physical properties) and account for the specific crustal and thermal structure of the Arabian and Iranian continental lithospheres. We test the impact of the transition from oceanic to continental subduction and the topographic consequences of the progressive slowdown of the convergence rate during continental subduction. Our results demonstrate the role of mantle flow beneath the overriding plate, initiated as an indirect consequence of slab break-off. This flow creates a dynamic topography support during continental subduction and results in delamination of the overriding plate lithospheric mantle followed by isostatic readjustment, hence of further uplift and maintenance of a plateau-like topography without significant crustal thickening. The slowdown of the convergence rate during the development of the continental subduction/collision phase largely contributes to this process by controlling the timing and depth of slab break-off.

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Passive margin subduction and the dynamics of collisional orogenesis

Schoettle-Greene

Pysklywec

2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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Continental passive margins are characterized by a wide variety of geometries and widths. Whether these variations have an influence on subsequent dynamics of orogenesis is unresolved. To investigate, a series of upper mantle numerical experiments were performed with systematically varied continental margin widths and geometries. Results show that the vertical geometry of subducting continental margin crust controls both crustal and mantle lithosphere deformation. On both scales, end‐members can be identified. Namely, break‐off versus delamination of continental mantle lithosphere and double vergence versus single vergence of crustal thrust fronts form as a direct result of passive margin geometry. We find that the subduction of upper crust to depths >100 km promotes lithospheric delamination and is facilitated by an extended passive margin. Modeled orogens show decreasing upper plate deformation with increasing margin width. These results suggest that along‐strike deformational variation within orogens may develop due to precollision passive margin geometry.

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Building the Zagros collisional orogen: Timing, strain distribution and the dynamics of Arabia/Eurasia plate convergence

Cited by 530 publications

References 193 publications

Geochemical characteristics and conditions of formation of the Chah-Bazargan peraluminous granitic patches, ShahrBabak, Iran

Geochemical characteristics and conditions of formation of the Chah-Bazargan peraluminous granitic patches, ShahrBabak, Iran

Buildup of a dynamically supported orogenic plateau: Numerical modeling of the Zagros/Central Iran case study

Passive margin subduction and the dynamics of collisional orogenesis

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