“…Scholars have applied a cognitive framework to understand how teachers engage in “learning,” “interpretation,” or “sensemaking” about policy (Coburn, 2005; Spillane et al, 2002). This line of research reveals that teachers’ understanding of and actions related to policy are influenced by their prior knowledge, beliefs about instruction and students’ abilities, social interactions, and connections with messages about policy (Coburn, 2004, 2005; Cohen & Ball, 1999; Spillane et al, 2006; Stosich, 2016; Weick, 1995). Standards and the curriculum, assessments, and professional development (PD) that are designed to align with these standards communicate information about what teaching to these standards would look like in practice.…”