“…Because ANNs can iteratively learn their own features, use large amounts of data, and are less constrained by assumptions about that data, they are extremely flexible and can handle many kinds of tasks [e.g., 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42]. These methods have been used on a variety of topics including image processing, video segmentation, and speech recognition [43, 44, 45]. Although challenges remain with respect to scalability, computational efficiency, and how to handle depauperate data [42], deep learning is one of the most powerful analytical tools in the modern researcher’s toolbox, particularly when human knowledge is lacking, or datasets are too large to be workable by traditional means.…”