Building multipurpose nano-toolkit by rationally decorating NIR-II fluorophore to meet the needs of tumor diagnosis and treatment

Light-initiated aggregation of gold nanoparticles for synergistic chemo-photothermal tumor therapy

“…22,23 Photothermal therapy (PTT) has drawn tremendous attention in the past few decades owing to the minimal invasiveness, excellent therapeutic efficiency, and great spatiotemporal addressability. [24][25][26][27] With the development of nanotechnology, many nanoagents with excellent PTT property have recently been applied for effective tumor treatment, [28][29][30] such as black phosphorus, 31,32 Bi 2 S 3 , 33 small molecule compounds 34 and gold nanomaterials. Among them, colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are extensively recognized as promising PTT agents because of the feasible preparation, size uniformity, good biocompatibility, and tunable optical properties.…”

Hemoglobin-Decorated Boron-Carbon Nanosheets with Catalytic Ability and Near-Infrared II Light Response for Tumor Photothermal-Chemodynamic Therapy

“…Among them, carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, and reduced graphene oxide, have been studied as photothermal agents due to their good NIR light-responsive performance and large surface area, showing great potential in tumor treatment. − However, due to the inherent fluorescence emission properties of carbon-based nanomaterials, partial energy of irradiated light is consumed to compromise the photothermal conversion efficiency, resulting in low photothermal performance and unsatisfactory photothermal therapeutic effect. − In addition, conventional PTT mainly uses NIR light in the first biowindow (NIR-I, 700–900 nm), which has drawbacks such as poor tissue penetration depth and low maximum permissible exposure (MPE, 0.33 W/cm 2 for 808 nm) that seriously hinder their in vivo applications. − In contrast, NIR light in the second biowindow (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) displays deeper tissue penetration and higher MPE (1 W/cm 2 for 1064 nm). − Therefore, constructing carbon-based nanomaterials with minimized fluorescence emission property and good NIR-II light-responsive capacity holds great promise for achieving efficient PTT against tumors.…”

Hafnium (Hf)-Chelating Porphyrin-Decorated Gold Nanosensitizers for Enhanced Radio–Radiodynamic Therapy of Colon Carcinoma

“…Radiodynamic therapy (RDT) that integrates conventional RT with photodynamic therapy (PDT) has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for tumor treatment. − By harnessing radiation energy to activate localized photosensitizers, RDT efficiently generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) to selectively eliminate cancer cells, which overcomes the limited tissue penetration of PDT and addresses the issue of unconcentrated energy delivery at the tumor site associated with traditional radiotherapy. − Although the combination of radiosensitizer and photosensitizer can enhance the radiotherapeutic efficacy to a certain extent, its application in living systems is hindered by the requirement for different exciting energies, complicated operating procedure, and limited tissue penetration of light. − Recently, the X-ray-meditated radio–radiodynamic therapy (RT–RDT) strategy has gained significant attention due to its powerful energy source and radiation operating depth, which enable simultaneous activation of RT and PDT through single X-ray irradiation, which holds great promise for deep tumor treatment. − In previous studies, typical nanomaterials for RT–RDT can serve as energy transducers that integrate scintillators with photosensitizers. − Scintillators possesses the property of X-ray-excited luminescence, wherein internal energy transfer (ET) processes involve converting absorbed X-ray energy into appropriate light emission, leading to efficient activation of photosensitizers loaded within RT–RDT nanomaterials. − However, the existing RT–RDT nanomaterials still exhibit the drawbacks of low energy conversion efficiency, tedious construction, and potential biological toxicity. Hence, developing advanced nanotheranostics with superior radiotherapeutic efficacy is highly significant for effective tumor treatment.…”