“…Managers in every occupation/profession do, however, require managerial competencies which include individual behaviours, such as goal setting, action management and leadership skills, in addition to organizational skills, such as HRM and performance, in order to operate effectively. Also important here are cognitive, affective and conceptual skills, relationships and learning competencies (Spangenberg, 1990), together with other abilities such as self-knowledge, self-understanding, self-management and self-learning (Mole et al, 1993;Smith, 1993). These managerial competencies transcend specific occupations and are vital for effective performance in a globalized economy (Nkado and Meyer, 2001).…”