Building-level and stock-level in contrast: A literature review of the energy performance of buildings during the operational stage

Geraldi, Matheus Soares; Ghisi, Enedir

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109810

Cited by 82 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…During the AHU operation hours, the airflow in the classrooms increases as result of the low room temperature and high CO 2 concentration. During the start-up of the AHU, as a result of a low room temperature in the morning, the supply airflow increases, by exceeding 2000m 3 /h, in order to allow the temperature setpoint inside the rooms. Conversely, when the zone temperature exceeds the setpoint, the airflow decreases.…”

Section: Operation Of the Hvac System Based On Monitoring Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this perspective, the EPBD recast [2], already in 2010, established that all new buildings have to be Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) starting from the beginning of 2021, with an anticipation of two years for buildings owned or occupied by the public Institutions. Often, even if net and nearly-zero energy buildings are designed to be energy efficient, the energy performance predicted in the design phase could not match the measured performances; this common phenomenon is the so-called "performance gap" [3].…”

Section: Introduction and Literature State Of The Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation and optimization of the performance of the heating system in a nZEB educational building by monitoring and simulation

Borrelli

Merema

Ascione

et al. 2021

Energy and Buildings

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The optimal control of the HVAC system in the nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs) can be considered as a challenge.Indeed, the lack of data given by monitored data does not allow understanding what are the implications of different strategies on thermal comfort and energy consumptions. This paper determines an approach for the evaluation of the management of the heating system in an existing educational nZEB. The aim is to understand how the energy efficiency of the heating system is sensitive to controls strategies and the important role played by the control systems. The test lecture rooms on KU Leuven Ghent Technology Campus (Belgium) have been chosen as case study.A deep analysis, starting from an in-field monitoring, was carried out during the winter period of 2019, in order to assess the actual operation and the energy use of building systems under real conditions. Then, a building energy simulation (BES) model of the building and its systems was developed and calibrated against the real monitoring data. Control strategies of the heating system are simulated and compared to the current configuration. The simulation results show that strategies based on a definition of a heating curve for the boiler can reduce the comfortable time (-23%). Controlling the temperature inside the storage tank as a function of the outdoor temperature together with the control on the activation of the air handling unit result in an energy savings from 32% to 46%, with a correspondent increase of comfort time in the period from 0.6% to 3.4% compared to the baseline scenario, depending to the relationship between the external temperature and water temperature inside the water storage tank.

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Section: Operation Of the Hvac System Based On Monitoring Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Literature State Of The Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and optimization of the performance of the heating system in a nZEB educational building by monitoring and simulation

Borrelli

Merema

Ascione

et al. 2021

Energy and Buildings

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“…A range of empirical approaches are needed to analyze existing building performance at the building and stock levels (Geraldi & Ghisi 2020). Various organizations have developed stock-level GHG-reduction pathways using top-down approaches (e.g.…”

Section: Seattle's Policy Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

GHG policy impacts for Seattle’s buildings: targets, timing, and scope

Walter

Mathew

2021

Buildings and Cities

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Many US cities are addressing climate change by setting goals to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by a specified amount within a specified time period. In order to achieve these goals, reducing emissions from existing buildings is crucial. Many cities are passing legislation to target existing buildings through benchmarking, auditing, retuning, or energy or emissions performance standards. As cities design legislation, they must consider the timing of the policies, how to prioritize building types and sizes, and how these design decisions will impact the city's emissions. This paper addresses these questions for one particular US city: Seattle, Washington. A model of Seattle's building stock was created with benchmarking and tax assessor data. It was then used to predict GHG emissions reductions due to different policy implementations for existing commercial and multifamily buildings. Key findings are: (1) the proposed emissions policy is expected to reduce cumulative emissions from buildings by 19% between 2020 and 2050; (2) delaying the implementation of the policy by five years could limit savings to 12%; and (3) including smaller buildings in the policy could increase savings to 34%. The lessons learned and how this can be used by other cities are discussed.

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“…Designing residential buildings that use less operational energy will lead to a decrease in energy demand. By fact, though, that is not always what has been found [1]. Operating energy is, in theory, equal to the operational carbon footprint (OCF) of the energy consumption, which may, therefore, be replaced by one another; however, the bulk of attempts to reduce the operational carbon footprint (OCF) have a negative impact on the embodied carbon footprint (ECF) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Energy performance is generally linked to the amount of energy required in order to have sufficient environmental standards and to accomplish the building purpose [1]. Lowering energy use is a well-known and pressing issue, as several reports have emphasized the effect of energy consumption on climate change [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kouvola Housing fair NZEB houses energy, cost and carbon analyses

Ahmed¹,

Hajian²,

Hasu³

et al. 2020

E3S Web Conf.

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Building energy efficiency, construction cost, life cycle cost, and carbon emission are the best interests of users, owners and different vendors. This study assessed the energy performance (EP) related investment and operational energy cost of Kouvola housing fair NZEB. Data from 12 new detached houses were collected, which fulfilled the energy certificate class of B according to the Finnish nearly zero energy building (NZEB) regulation. Besides, emission from building materials, construction and energy use during 50 years of one model building were estimated, aiming to compare the life cycle emission from wooden building, insulated concrete building, blockhouse and log house. The results showed that the total construction cost was independent to EP-value and even had a slightly negative correlation to the EP-value. The average EP-value of 12 buildings was slightly higher than that of buildings in Tampere housing fair 2012, which showed no improvement of nearly zero energy building (NZEB) guidelines since 2012. Energy performance related cost dependency in specific cost categories was shown so that EP-value improvement by 40 units increased less than 2% of construction cost. Electricity had a significant contribution to CO2 emission while local district heating was based on renewables. Material emissions contribution was 32-48% of total emissions, and wooden buildings showed lower carbon footprint compared to other building structures.

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Building-level and stock-level in contrast: A literature review of the energy performance of buildings during the operational stage

Cited by 82 publications

References 214 publications

Evaluation and optimization of the performance of the heating system in a nZEB educational building by monitoring and simulation

Evaluation and optimization of the performance of the heating system in a nZEB educational building by monitoring and simulation

GHG policy impacts for Seattle’s buildings: targets, timing, and scope

Kouvola Housing fair NZEB houses energy, cost and carbon analyses

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