Building Global Civil Society from the Outside In? Japanese International Development NGOs, the State, and International Norms

Reimann, Kim D.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511550195.016

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In the 1980s and 1990s, all of the regional foundations started to support civil society groups as a main element of their programming, and by the mid‐1990s, the combined grants budgets of these foundations exceeded $100 million, much of which went to NGOs. In 1999, for example, these foundations disbursed more than 1,000 grants for projects involving both service and advocacy NGOs for projects ranging from development to election monitoring (Reimann 2001:165).…”

Section: International Political Opportunities and The Growth Of Ngosmentioning

confidence: 99%

A View from the Top: International Politics, Norms and the Worldwide Growth of NGOs

2006

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This article provides a “top‐down” explanation for the rapid growth of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the postwar period, focusing on two aspects of political globalization. First, I argue that international political opportunities in the form of funding and political access have expanded enormously in the postwar period and provided a structural environment highly conducive to NGO growth. Secondly, I present a norm‐based argument and trace the rise of a pro‐NGO norm in the 1980s and 1990s among donor states and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), which has actively promoted the spread of NGOs to non‐Western countries. The article ends with a brief discussion of the symbiotic relationship among NGOs, IGOs, and states promoting international cooperation.

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Section: International Political Opportunities and The Growth Of Ngosmentioning

confidence: 99%

A View from the Top: International Politics, Norms and the Worldwide Growth of NGOs

2006

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“…There has been considerable recent research on newer, incorporated nonprofit organizations since the outpouring of volunteers following the 1995 earthquake in Kobe and the 1998 passage of the new nonprofit organization law easing nonprofit incorporation restrictions. However, most of these studies have ignored the vibrant volunteer participation in more traditional groups and underestimated the importance of these local organizations in providing services and transmitting community norms of volunteer participation (e.g., Pekkanen, 2000;Reimann, 2003;Yamamoto, 1999).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Determinates of Volunteer Participation and the Promotion of Civic Health: The Case of Japan

Haddad

2004

Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly

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Why are some communities more civically engaged than others? Why do some communities provide services with volunteer labor whereas others rely primarily on government provision? When communities provide both volunteer and paid labor for the same service, how do they motivate and organize those volunteers? This article addresses these questions through quantitative tests of prevailing explanations for levels of civic engagement (e.g., education, TV viewing, urbanization) and qualitative analyses of case studies of three medium-sized cities in Japan, focusing particularly on the service areas of firefighting and elder care. The statistical analyses demonstrate that current explanations that rely on individual characteristics cannot predict or explain volunteer participation at the community level of analysis. Using the case study data, a model is developed to predict the rate of volunteer participation in a community. It is concluded that the practices of governmental and social institutions-how well they legitimize, fund, and organize volunteers-determine the rate of volunteer participation in a community.

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“…Given this, the accounts of Neumann (1999) and Katzenstein (1996a) can be drawn upon to complement Reimann's (2003) analysis in the following ways. First, Neumann's (1999) explanation is helpful in understanding the construction of others for Japan's foreign policy.…”

Section: State Identity: Self/other Relations and Rolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In her work on "Building Global Civil Society From the Outside In? Japanese International Development NGOs, the State, and International Norms," Reimann (2003) argues that international norms and pressure played a central role in establishing the IDNGO policy. She argues that since Japan was the only Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) country that did not have a visible NGO component in its ODA policy, it was under pressure to make changes to be consistent with international practices and standards shared by other OECD countries.…”

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confidence: 99%

Understanding Japan's International Development NGO Policy: Domestic Interpretations, Identities, and Interests

Lee

2011

Asian Politics and Policy

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This article examines why Japan decided to promote an international development nongovernmental organization (IDNGO) policy in 1989. While Reimann's 2003 and 2010 analyses argue that international norms and pressure account for the establishment of this policy, I find that domestic actors' interpretations and policy processes significantly contributed to producing it. I argue that the IDNGO policy reflects a shift in policy‐makers' perceptions of Japanese identity from a “merchant nation” to a “leader.” This reconstruction entails new sets of interests regarding building a positive global reputation and friendly relationships not only with other states, but also with “grassroots” citizens at home and abroad. This study highlights that identity is changeable and that domestic policy processes and actors need to be taken into more serious consideration. Demonstrating the importance of NGOs and grassroots people in constructing Japanese state identity, this article suggests that targets of recognition in international relations go beyond the state level.

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Building Global Civil Society from the Outside In? Japanese International Development NGOs, the State, and International Norms

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

A View from the Top: International Politics, Norms and the Worldwide Growth of NGOs

A View from the Top: International Politics, Norms and the Worldwide Growth of NGOs

Community Determinates of Volunteer Participation and the Promotion of Civic Health: The Case of Japan

Understanding Japan's International Development NGO Policy: Domestic Interpretations, Identities, and Interests

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