Building for the future: influence of housing on intelligence quotients of children in an urban slum

Choudhary, Ravindra; Sharma, Abhinav; Agarwal, Kishore; Kumar, Amod; Sreenivas, V.; Puliyel, Jacob

doi:10.1093/heapol/17.4.420

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These areas on the outskirts of the city are relocation settlements started 20 years ago. Most of the residents came to Delhi 25 years ago as migrant workers and were living in inner city slums before being relocated here by the government 9. The average per capita income of a household in these areas is about 600 rupees per month (£8, $13, €11).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community based retrospective study of sex in infant mortality in India

Khanna

Kumar²,

Vaghela³

et al. 2003

BMJ

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community based retrospective study of sex in infant mortality in India

Khanna

Kumar²,

Vaghela³

et al. 2003

BMJ

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“…This includes reinforcement of efforts against pneumonia and diarrhoea, and strengthening the nutritional status of mothers and children 1. In the past few decades, rapid urbanisation, growing urban slums in developing countries, especially in India, has raised concerns on public health issues, such as overcrowding, lack of safe drinking water, sanitation and deprivation in multiple domains,2 3 which in turn exposes a vulnerable age group to high risks of infectious diseases,4 malnutrition5 and impaired cognitive development,6 in the early formative years of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first 1000 days of life: prenatal and postnatal risk factors for morbidity and growth in a birth cohort in southern India

et al. 2014

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ObjectiveTo estimate the burden and assess prenatal and postnatal determinants of illnesses experienced by children residing in a semiurban slum, during the first 1000 days of life.DesignCommunity-based birth cohortSettingSouthern IndiaParticipantsFour hundred and ninety-seven children of 561 pregnant women recruited and followed for 2 years with surveillance and anthropometry.Main outcome measureIncidence rates of illness; rates of clinic visits and hospitalisations; factors associated with low birth weight, various illnesses and growth.ResultsData on 10 377.7 child-months of follow-up estimated an average rate of 14.8 illnesses/child-year. Gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses were 20.6% and 47.8% of the total disease burden, respectively. The hospitalisation rate reduced from 46/100 child-years during infancy to 19/100 child-years in the second year. Anaemia during pregnancy (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.08 to 5.18), less than four antenatal visits (OR=6.8, 95% CI=2.1 to 22.5) and preterm birth (OR=3.3, 95% CI=1.1 to 9.7) were independent prenatal risk factors for low birth weight. Female gender (HR=0.88, 95% CI=0.79 to 0.99) and 6 months of exclusive breast feeding (HR=0.76, 95% CI=0.66 to 0.88) offered protection against all morbidity. Average monthly height and weight gain were lower in female child and children exclusively breast fed for 6 months.ConclusionsThe high morbidity in Indian slum children in the first 1000 days of life was mainly due to prenatal factors and gastrointestinal and respiratory illness. Policymakers need disease prevalence and pathways to target high-risk groups with appropriate interventions in the community.

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“…Additionally, children who live in poor neighbourhoods are less likely to participate in sports and cultural and extracurricular activities (Woods, 2003). In a study in India, Choudhary et al (2002) compared the IQ levels of children who live in shanty houses and permanent houses. The results revealed that children living in permanent houses had higher IQ scores than those living in living in shanty houses.…”

Section: Factors Associated With Urbanizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desarrollo de la Inteligencia en Niños en Edad Preescolar con Desventajas Socioeconómicas

Bulut

2013

analesps

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Título: Desarrollo de la Inteligencia en Niños en Edad Preescolar con Desventajas Socioeconómicas. Resumen: Diversos factores influyen en el desarrollo intelectual de niños en edad preescolar con desventajas socioeconómicas. El desarrollo de la inteligencia es un concepto multidimensional que está determinado por factores biológicos, sociales y ambientales. Sin embargo, en la presente revisión únicamente se analizan y discuten los aspectos sociales y ambientales. Algunos de los factores que presentan profundos efectos en el desarrollo cognitivo son los siguientes: la estimulación del medio ambiente, las actitudes de los padres, la edad materna y la educación. Se ejemplifican también algunos programas de prevención e intervenciones exitosas encaminadas al enriquecimiento del desarrollo cognitivo infantil. Parece que los programas de intervención temprana en el segundo y tercer año de la vida infantil tienen efectos fundamentales en el desarrollo cognitivo de aquellos niños con ciertas desventajas.Es claro que el aprendizaje se inicia con el nacimiento. Algunos estudios longitudinales mostraron que el periodo más efectivo para la intervención es durante la niñez temprana. Aquellos niños que han estado en programas de estancias y jardines infantiles han mantenido estos logros en la adolescencia y en la edad adulta. Algunos de estos beneficios incluyen puntuaciones elevadas en pruebas de IQ, mejores calificaciones en pruebas de puntuación y mejores habilidades en lectura y matemáticas, mayor número de logros educacionales, mayor número de títulos universitarios y un menor número de problemas psicológicos y de salud mental. Por tanto, la investigación en programas tempranos de alta calidad proporciona múltiples ventajas en forma personal, así como para la sociedad en su conjunto. Activistas sociales, psicólogos y consejeros deberían hacer un mayor esfuerzo para modificar las políticas gubernamentales y la asignación de fondos. Palabras clave: Desarrollo de la inteligencia; educación maternal; privaciones e inteligencia; niños desfavorenidos; niños en edad preescolar y desarrollo de la inteligencia. Abstract:The intellectual development of socioeconomically disadvantaged preschool children is influenced by several factors. The development of intelligence is a multidimensional concept that is determined by biological, social, and environmental factors. In this literature review, however, only the social and environmental factors are discussed. Some of the factors that have profound effect on children's cognitive development are as follows: environmental stimulation, parental attitudes, maternal age, and education. Successful intervention and prevention programs aimed at enhancing children's cognitive development are also exemplified. It appears that early intervention programs in the second and third year of an infant's life have fundamental effects on the cognitive development of disadvantaged children.It is clear that learning starts with birth. Longitudinal studies revealed that the most effective period for interve...

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Building for the future: influence of housing on intelligence quotients of children in an urban slum

Abstract: We find that children living in the permanent houses had a significantly better IQ than those in shanty houses. A review of the literature did not reveal a comparable study.

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Community based retrospective study of sex in infant mortality in India

Community based retrospective study of sex in infant mortality in India

The first 1000 days of life: prenatal and postnatal risk factors for morbidity and growth in a birth cohort in southern India

Desarrollo de la Inteligencia en Niños en Edad Preescolar con Desventajas Socioeconómicas

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