Building energy flexibility: a sensitivity analysis and key performance indicator comparison

Johra, Hicham; Marszal-Pomianowska, Anna; Ellingsgaard, John Ray; Liu, Mingzhe

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1343/1/012064

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Once the application type is determined, different stakeholders should select KPIs that best suit their purposes. Recent literature has summarized building energy flexibility KPIs and demonstrated their usage [12,15,22]. Note that there are different energy flexibility modes, such as load shedding, load shifting, modulation, and onsite generation.…”

Section: Select Energy Flexibility Kpismentioning

confidence: 99%

On data-driven energy flexibility quantification: A framework and case study

Hong

2023

Energy and Buildings

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Section: Select Energy Flexibility Kpismentioning

confidence: 99%

On data-driven energy flexibility quantification: A framework and case study

Hong

2023

Energy and Buildings

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“…As mentioned above, several studies were done in regard to energy flexibility, but in general each study uses one approach only [10,18,28]. A compilation of 20 different flexibility factors for single buildings is given in [25] and in [26] 16 flexibility factors are listed for building clusters. Previous studies found focus only on one flexibility factor each or list flexibility factor values without further information about validation ranges and examples.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, three types of energy flexibility can be observed: (a) the temporal flexibility, (b) the amount of energy or power that can be shifted and (c) the associated cost of activating the flexibility [24]. In [25], flexibility factors are introduced which express the flexibility in regard to load-shift ability, power adjustment potential, energy efficiency and cost efficiency for single buildings. Most of the factors compare two cases: without/with load management.…”

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Flexibility Factors and Introduction of A Flexibility Classification Using Advanced Heat Pump Control

Hall

Geissler

2021

Energies

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With the increasing use of renewable energy, the energy flexibility of buildings becomes increasingly important regarding grid support. Therefore, there is a need to describe this flexibility in a concise manner. For the characterization of building energy flexibility, flexibility factors can be used. The comparison of a selection of existing flexibility factors shows that they are not easy to use or understand for designers and users. A simplification is necessary. The aim of this study is to introduce a flexibility classification that is easy to understand and shows in an easy way if a building already uses the lowest energy cost level or if further improvement is possible. The classification expresses the annual energy costs in colored classes: green (class A) for lowest up to red (class D) for highest level. Basically, the flexibility classes can be derived for any metric of interest, in this paper examples are shown for energy costs and CO2eq emissions. The results given are based on the simulation of load management scenarios with different penalty signals applied for the heat pump operation of a residential building.

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“…This fits into broader discussion of what flexibility is and how it emerges from socio-technical systems (Torriti & Green 2019). There is currently no consensus on how to quantify building energy flexibility (Johra et al 2019). The question for buildings is how much of that flexibility can or should be provided by this sector, and whether metrics can be developed to encourage greater flexibility.…”

Section: Timescalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential retrofit in the climate emergency: the role of metrics

Fawcett¹,

Topouzi

2020

Buildings and Cities

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This paper examines whether current residential retrofit metrics are fit for purpose and if they can help deliver swift and significant cuts in carbon emissions. Information is presented on metrics used for a variety of UK and European Union building and building retrofit standards and evaluation and assessment tools. An analytical approach is developed that offers a simplified set of four key aspects of metrics: scope, headline measurement, normalisation factor and timescale. This helps to unpack the complexity of metric design. However, choice of metrics is not simply a technocratic issue, because their design is not value free. Two examples where metrics form the basis for policy-making for retrofit and energy use in buildings are described: UK Energy Performance Certificates and the Energiesprong approach to deep retrofit. Use of multiple metrics improves their fitness for purpose and is already established practice in some standards and policy. Metrics in common use omit many aspects of energy use in buildings. New metrics are required that can take account of the whole life of a building, the time profile of retrofit, or the ability of the building to be flexible as to when energy is used. Policy relevance• Existing and new metrics can contribute to the transformation of the building stock. They have real-world impacts on buildings, those retrofitting them and their occupants. • Retrofit metrics embody values and views about how retrofit should be undertaken.• Unpacking metric design and considering scope, headline measures, normalisation factors and timescale separately can help inform better policy decisions. • There is no one ideal metric for building retrofit-many policies and standards use multiple metrics. • A focus on carbon metrics only for retrofit can lead to missing opportunities for high-quality building fabric. Energy metrics remain important.

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Building energy flexibility: a sensitivity analysis and key performance indicator comparison

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

On data-driven energy flexibility quantification: A framework and case study

On data-driven energy flexibility quantification: A framework and case study

Comparison of Flexibility Factors and Introduction of A Flexibility Classification Using Advanced Heat Pump Control

Residential retrofit in the climate emergency: the role of metrics

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