Building Earthquake Damage Analysis Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data

Abstract

Terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) can acquire high-precision three-dimensional point cloud data for earthquake-damaged buildings. In this study, we collected TLS data in the Wenchuan earthquake zone and developed the TLS-BSAM (terrestrial laser scanning-based building shape analysis model) to carry out a building earthquake damage analysis. This model involves equidistance polygon array extraction, shape dispersion parameter calculations, irregular building clustering segmentation, and damage analysis. We chose 21 buildings as samples for the experiments. The results show that when using an equidistance polygon array to depict a three-dimensional building, 0.5 m is a reasonable sampling interval for building earthquake damage analysis. Using certain characteristic parameters to carry out K-means clustering, one can efficiently divide irregular buildings into regular blocks. Then, by weighted averages, the shape dispersion parameters can be calculated to express the damage extent to buildings. Among the shape dispersion parameters, at least the weighted average standard deviations of the tilt direction, rectangularity, compactness, and center point are suitable to reflect the damage extent. Higher values reflect more serious damage. On the basis of existing data, the weighted average standard deviations of the tilt direction and center point can be used to establish discriminant functions that can effectively distinguish the damage extent.

Cost Estimation of Structural Components of a Building by considering the Seismic Load on Different Regions

“…A spreadsheet application was used to support the quantity take-off (QTO) analysis. e quantity of concrete work (Q C ) was computed as the sum of all RC beams or columns based on the concrete section area (A C ) and the length of RC beams or columns (L), as shown in equation (1). e number and diameter of reinforcement bars should be designed as the total area closest required area (A R ).…”

“…e earthquake risk consideration as one of the critical loads is required in the design process of a building to accommodate its potential occurrence. When a building failed to withstand seismic loads, it causes damage in various levels, both minor and severe damages, or even collapse [1][2][3]. Indonesia, a country with various seismic potentials, especially in Aceh Province, has seen several high-intensity earthquakes occur in the last 15 years [4][5][6].…”

A Model Study of Building Seismic Damage Information Extraction and Analysis on Ground‐Based LiDAR Data

“…In recent years, terrestrial laser scanning technology has been widely used in different fields such as three-dimensional modeling, heritage protection, deformation monitoring, and forest structure investigation [13]. Experiments using TLS for continuous monitoring and analysis of building structural component damage demonstrate its effectiveness in structural modeling and analysis applications [14,15]; scanning assessment and 3D modeling of ancient buildings using TLS propose effective solutions for the conservation and maintenance of ancient buildings [16]; in civil engineering applications, high precision data obtained by TLS in combination with least squares are used for the quality assessment of building plane regularity [17]; scholars applied "alpha shapes algorithm" to LiDAR data contour line extraction and regularization for buildings and demonstrated the accuracy of the algorithm in LiDAR point cloud data extraction for building contour lines [18,19]; in postearthquake building loss analysis, scholars proposed a building shape analysis model based on ground-based Li-DAR data, which effectively solved the problems of building contour polygon sequence extraction, shape discrete parameter extraction, irregular building block division, and earthquake damage analysis [20,21]. In terms of judging the degree of postearthquake building damage in the regional spatial context, scholars proposed a model based on texture extraction and fuzzy system analysis of postearthquake airborne LiDAR data, which effectively solved the problem of judging the degree of postearthquake building damage [22].…”

An Alternative Method for Long‐Term Monitoring of Thai Historic Pagodas Based on Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data: A Case Study of Wat Krachee in Ayutthaya

“…Many researchers have utilized terrestrial laser scanners for data collection to assess structural stability and conduct seismic analyses of historical buildings. For example, Jiao et al [15] carried out a building damage analysis from earthquake loading by acquiring data from 3D laser scanners.…”