Building Community Resilience to Disasters: A Way Forward to Enhance National Health Security

Chandra, Anita; Acosta, Joie D.; Howard, Stefanie; Uscher‐Pines, Lori; Williams, Malcolm; Yeung, Douglas; Garnett, Jeffrey; Meredith, Lisa S.

doi:10.7249/tr915

Cited by 121 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These typically include some combination of resources; social connectedness and social capital; information and communication; and the ability to learn, solve problems, take collective action, and transform (e.g., Berkes and Ross 2013;Chandra et al 2011;Longstaff et al 2010;Magis 2010;Norris and Stevens 2007;Norris et al 2008;Pfefferbaum et al 2015;Pfefferbaum et al 2013). Aldrich (2012) notes that there are at least five dimensions of resilience post disaster-social and psychological wellbeing of individuals and families, restoration of organizations and institutions, resumption of economic and commercial services and productivity, restoration of the integrity of infrastructures and systems, and resumed operations of public safety and government functions.…”

Section: Dimensions Of Community Resiliencementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Like personal resilience, community resilience is a characteristic or property of the community, a dynamic process, and a potential outcome. Broadly and simply, as an attribute or property, community resilience is ''the sustained ability of a community to withstand and recover from adversity'' (Chandra et al 2011) or the capacity to ''absorb disturbance, undergo change and retain the same essential functions, structure, identity, and feedbacks'' (Longstaff et al 2010). More specifically, community resilience is the ability to anticipate threat; limit negative effects; and respond, adapt, and grow when confronted with a threat (Community and Regional Resilience Institute (CARRI) 2013).…”

Section: Community Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Conceptual Framework to Enhance Community Resilience Using Social Capital

2015

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Community resilience has been recognized and promoted as both a vision and a strategy for disaster management. This paper establishes the importance of community resilience in disaster management, describes disaster management phases and the disaster system of care, reviews definitions and dimensions of community resilience and related foundational concepts (social groups, social networks, and social capital), and endorses a conceptual framework for enhancing community resilience through social capital. Resilience, both personal and community resilience, is increased by the social capital that emerges from improved social connections and social networks. Effective disaster management, which requires an informed and engaged public, relies on social networks to connect and support individuals, families, groups, and organizations within the community and to link the community with the disaster system of care. Community disaster teams can identify and engage in activities that promote personal and community resilience, and the team process itself can create social capital that also advances personal and community resilience. The enhancement framework advocated in this paper focuses on the role of social capital in augmenting community resilience derived from people's interactions in groups, social networks, and teams.

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Section: Dimensions Of Community Resiliencementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Community Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Framework to Enhance Community Resilience Using Social Capital

2015

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“…Risk reduction strategies include community preparedness with a focus on building resilience. The core components of social resilience are physical and psychological health as well as the social and economic well-being [11]. Cities can increase social resilience by working to reduce social isolation.…”

Section: Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus of resilience for this research is on social or community resilience as defined by Chandra et al [11]:…”

Section: Social Vulnerability Social Isolation Physiological Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Socially vulnerable populations are faced with a comparatively higher number of stressors before an emergency ever happens [26]. However, if community and government services are equitable and accessible before and after emergencies, socially vulnerable populations can have the same opportunities as everyone else to be more resilient [11]. When socially vulnerable populations are more resilient it increases the overall resilience of the city.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A framework to understand the relationship between social factors that reduce resilience in cities: Application to the City of Boston

Martin

2015

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

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a b s t r a c tFor the first time in human history, more people across the world live in cities than in rural areas: In the U.S., approximately 80% of the population live in cities. Socially vulnerable populations and complex infrastructure exist in higher numbers in cities significantly compounding risk. People facing these social factors have disproportionate exposure to risk and a decreased ability to avoid or absorb potential loss. However, the body of literature available on social vulnerability is disparate with fragmented insight into understanding the relationship between social factors that increase vulnerability and practical approaches to reduce risk. This research focuses on developing a replicable, practical approach to understanding the complexity of social vulnerability in American cities while reducing the likelihood of civil rights violations. The Social Determinants of Vulnerability Framework (The Framework) was developed using a link analysis of social factors from existing literature. The Framework consists of seven interrelated social factors that seem to be driving vulnerability: children, people with disabilities, older adults, chronic and acute medical illness, social isolation, low-to-no income, and people of color. The Framework also includes specific poor outcomes that people with pre-emergency social factors are more likely to experience at disproportionately higher levels after emergencies: lack of access to post-incident services; displacement; injury, illness, and death; property loss or damage; domestic violence; and loss of employment. A quantitative analysis of those social factors based on City of Boston data confirmed many of the relationships among the social factors of vulnerability and the significance of social isolation.

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