Building capacity from Glenlea, Canada's oldest organic rotation study

Carkner, Michelle; Bamford, Keith C.; Martens, Joanne R. Thiessen; Wilcott, Sarah; Stainsby, April; Stanley, Kevin G.; Dick, Calvin; Entz, Martin H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818186-7.00007-2

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Mean wheat grain yield in individual treatments and years ranged from 1.37 to 3.26 Mg ha -1 , roughly similar to organic spring wheat yields in other studies in the region (Carkner et al, 2020;Vaisman et al, 2011) and similar to or greater than wheat yields on organic farms in the region (Entz et al, 2001). Grain P concentration ranged from 2.9 to 4.0 mg g -1 , slightly lower than the range of 3.8 to 4.3 mg g -1 observed by Turmel et al (2009) in organic spring wheat in the same region.…”

Section: Grain Yield P Concentration and P Accumulationsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Mean flax grain yield in individual treatments and years ranged from 1.06 to 1.52 Mg ha -1 . These yields are greater than average organic flax yields on farms (Entz et al, 2001) and in a long-term organic experiment (Carkner et al, 2020) in the region and are similar to flax yields reported in some conventional field experiments (Bailey et al, 1977;Carkner et al, 2020). Mean flax grain P concentration ranged from 3.6 to 4.5 mg g -1 , intermediate between flax fertilized with P and nil-P controls in a pot study using a Manitoba soil with moderately low STP (11.4 mg kg -1 ) (Jiao et al, 2007).…”

Section: Grain Yield P Concentration and P Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Response of organic grain and forage crops to struvite application in an alkaline soil

et al. 2021

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Struvite (NH 4 MgPO 4 •6H 2 O) may be an appropriate fertilizer to address phosphorus (P) deficiencies in organic cropping systems, but field studies assessing crop response to struvite are lacking. Field experiments were conducted over 3 yr on a low-P, alkaline soil in Manitoba to assess the effect of struvite application rate on the yield and P accumulation of organically managed grain and forage crops. Struvite was applied to spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) at 0, 20, 30, and 40 kg P ha -1 in separate experiments each year and to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-grass forage at 0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P ha -1 in a single application in a 3-yr experiment. Wheat grain yield, P concentration, and P accumulation increased linearly with increasing struvite rate, whereas flax showed little to no response. Forage yield, P concentration, and P accumulation also increased with struvite rate. Benefits to forage yield and P accumulation were greatest in the second year, demonstrating important residual effects of struvite application. Struvite application shifted forage composition to become dominated by alfalfa whereas the unfertilized treatment was dominated by grasses. Annual P recovery efficiency was 4-7% for wheat, 1-2% for flax, and 7-12% for forage and did not vary significantly with struvite application rate. Our findings demonstrate that struvite applied at a relatively high rate is an effective P source for wheat and alfalfa-based forage under organic management, but not for flax.

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Section: Grain Yield P Concentration and P Accumulationsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Grain Yield P Concentration and P Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 76%

Response of organic grain and forage crops to struvite application in an alkaline soil

et al. 2021

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“…When averaged across site-years, combined forage and weed DM yields were 7159 kg•ha −1 for sorghumsudangrass, 5506 kg•ha −1 for corn, 4687 kg•ha −1 for oat, 4618 kg•ha −1 for annual ryegrass, 4542 kg•ha −1 for millet, and 2965 kg•ha −1 for winter triticale. These production levels are similar to other organic annual forage yields (Cicek et al 2015;Carkner et al 2020), and indicate the potential for high yield forage production, even under water-limiting growing conditions. Sorghum-sudangrass and corn were frequently the highest yielding crops.…”

Section: Biomass Production Affected By Forage Speciessupporting

confidence: 73%

Mid-summer annual forage performance in organic, grass-fed production

Die

Entz

2022

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Grass-fed ruminant production does not have the convenience of feeding easily-storable grains during periods of low forage availability. This study examined the forage yield, quality, and utilization of warm- and cool-season annual forages grown under organic management during the mid-summer “feed gap” period. Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Tetra Brand), winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack cv. common), oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Souris), millet (Panicum miliaceum L. cv. Crown Proso), corn (Zea mays L. cv. BMR84 and CM440 Canamaize), and sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench × Sorghum sudanense [Piper] Stapf cv. common) were grown in Carman, Manitoba, over 3 site-years in 2018 and 2019. Combined forage and weed dry matter (DM) yield was 7159 kg·ha−1 for sorghum-sudangrass (29% weeds), 5506 kg·ha−1 for corn (36% weeds), 4687 kg·ha−1 for oat (45% weeds), 4617 kg·ha−1 for annual ryegrass (95% weeds), 4542 kg·ha−1 for millet (28% weeds), and 2945 kg·ha−1 for winter triticale (51% weeds); significant differences in crop and weed biomass were observed. All forage systems were palatable to sheep with utilization rates from 47% to 65%. When all quality parameters were considered, corn, winter triticale, millet, and oat displayed adequate quality for mid-summer grazing, while sorghum-sudangrass had suboptimal crude protein concentrations. Direct measurements of forage quality on weeds showed that weeds did not compromise forage quality. This Canadian first study demonstrated the potential of forage production for mid-summer grazing in an organic, grass-fed regime with oat, millet, and corn resulting in the best combination of yield and quality.

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“…Indeed, microbial P was more responsive to soil wetting after drought in organic than in conventional production (Braman et al, 2016). The increase in mycorrhizal colonization in organic crops (Entz et al, 2004), and the decline in abundance of nonmycorrhizal weeds (Carkner et al, 2020) were both attributed to less available P. Greater mycorrhizal colonization may have been one reason for greater zinc uptake in organic compared with conventional wheat at Glenlea (Turmel et al, 2009). Enzymes play an important role in plant nutrient acquisition.…”

Section: Hypothesized Outcomes For Nutrient Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Domestication, Root Trait Syndromes, and Soil Nutrient Acquisition in Organic Agroecosystems: A Systematic Review

Isaac

Nimmo

Gaudin

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Selecting crops that express certain reproductive, leaf, and root traits has formed detectable, albeit diverse, crop domestication syndromes. However, scientific and informal on-farm research has primarily focused on understanding and managing linkages between only certain domestication traits and yield. There is strong evidence suggesting that functional traits can be used to hypothesize and detect trade-offs, constraints, and synergies among crop yield and other aspects of crop biology and agroecosystem function. Comparisons in the functional traits of crops vs. wild plants has emerged as a critical avenue that has helped inform a better understanding of how plant domestication has reshaped relationships among yield and traits. For instance, recent research has shown domestication has led important economic crops to express extreme functional trait values among plants globally, with potentially major implications for yield stability, nutrient acquisition strategies, and the success of ecological nutrient management. Here, we present an evidence synthesis of domestication effects on crop root functional traits, and their hypothesized impact on nutrient acquisition strategies in organic and low input agroecosystems. Drawing on global trait databases and published datasets, we show detectable shifts in root trait strategies with domestication. Relationships between domestication syndromes in root traits and nutrient acquisition strategies in low input systems underscores the need for a shift in breeding paradigms for organic agriculture. This is increasingly important given efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets of Zero Hunger via resilient agriculture practices such as ecological nutrient management and maintenance of genetic diversity.

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Building capacity from Glenlea, Canada's oldest organic rotation study

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Response of organic grain and forage crops to struvite application in an alkaline soil

Response of organic grain and forage crops to struvite application in an alkaline soil

Mid-summer annual forage performance in organic, grass-fed production

Crop Domestication, Root Trait Syndromes, and Soil Nutrient Acquisition in Organic Agroecosystems: A Systematic Review

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