Abstract:The increase in the economic value of soccer occurred in parallel with an increase in competing demands. Therefore, clubs and federations evolved to greater specialization (e.g., state-of-the-art facilities and high-profile expertise staff) to support players’ performance and health. Currently, player preparation is far from exclusively club or national team centered, and the lack of control in each player’s environment can be more prevalent than expected. For example, an elite group of professional players fa… Show more
“…Consequently, athletes can be surrounded by multidisciplinary support teams, including different coaches (technical, tactical, managing), physiotherapists, psychologists, and medical doctors. In this context, physical training and testing should therefore ideally play a supportive role and help frame the fundamental aspects of the training process rather than necessarily taking the center stage in the holistic performance optimization (162).…”
Section: The Role Of Formal Fitness Testing In Relation To Training/c...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Accordingly, a survey among sports science practitioners in high-level soccer reported that poor coach buy-in was a substantial barrier to the implementation of an effective player-monitoring program (423). In addition, the increase in expert staff associated with players, both within and outside clubs (with players increasingly hiring personal coaches), warrants transparency and sharing of information (162). Thus, clear communication, e.g., around test results and training directions, should be highly emphasized in relation to all relevant stakeholders.…”
Section: Athlete and Organization Awareness And Buy-inmentioning
Performance in intermittent sports relies on the interplay between multiple physiological systems determining the capacity to perform short explosive efforts as well as repeated intense actions with limited recovery over the course of an entire game. Testing should reflect these demands to allow for sport- and position-specific capacity analyses that eventually may translate into optimized training and improved performance. This may include individual load management and optimized training prescription, intensity targeting for specific positions or individual athletes, as well as benchmarking for monitoring of training progression and enhanced engagement of athletes. This review provides an overview of available tests in different exercise domains identified as relevant (from assessment of single explosive actions to intermittent endurance capacity), forming the basis for recommendations on how to compose a comprehensive yet feasible test battery that may be integrated into the seasonal competition and training plan. The test procedures should cover the performance spectrum of relevance for the individual athlete—also in team sports to account for positional differences. We emphasize the benefits of sport-specific tests, highlight parameters of importance for test standardization, and discuss how the applied test battery may be supplemented with secondary tests directed toward specific energy systems to allow for more in-depth analyses when required (e.g., in terms of an underperforming athlete). The synergy between testing and tracking of match performance (utilizing time-motion or global positioning systems) is highlighted, and although tracking cannot substitute for testing, combining the tools may provide a comprehensive overview of the physiological demands and performance during competition contextualized to the athletes’ maximal exercise capacity.
“…Consequently, athletes can be surrounded by multidisciplinary support teams, including different coaches (technical, tactical, managing), physiotherapists, psychologists, and medical doctors. In this context, physical training and testing should therefore ideally play a supportive role and help frame the fundamental aspects of the training process rather than necessarily taking the center stage in the holistic performance optimization (162).…”
Section: The Role Of Formal Fitness Testing In Relation To Training/c...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Accordingly, a survey among sports science practitioners in high-level soccer reported that poor coach buy-in was a substantial barrier to the implementation of an effective player-monitoring program (423). In addition, the increase in expert staff associated with players, both within and outside clubs (with players increasingly hiring personal coaches), warrants transparency and sharing of information (162). Thus, clear communication, e.g., around test results and training directions, should be highly emphasized in relation to all relevant stakeholders.…”
Section: Athlete and Organization Awareness And Buy-inmentioning
Performance in intermittent sports relies on the interplay between multiple physiological systems determining the capacity to perform short explosive efforts as well as repeated intense actions with limited recovery over the course of an entire game. Testing should reflect these demands to allow for sport- and position-specific capacity analyses that eventually may translate into optimized training and improved performance. This may include individual load management and optimized training prescription, intensity targeting for specific positions or individual athletes, as well as benchmarking for monitoring of training progression and enhanced engagement of athletes. This review provides an overview of available tests in different exercise domains identified as relevant (from assessment of single explosive actions to intermittent endurance capacity), forming the basis for recommendations on how to compose a comprehensive yet feasible test battery that may be integrated into the seasonal competition and training plan. The test procedures should cover the performance spectrum of relevance for the individual athlete—also in team sports to account for positional differences. We emphasize the benefits of sport-specific tests, highlight parameters of importance for test standardization, and discuss how the applied test battery may be supplemented with secondary tests directed toward specific energy systems to allow for more in-depth analyses when required (e.g., in terms of an underperforming athlete). The synergy between testing and tracking of match performance (utilizing time-motion or global positioning systems) is highlighted, and although tracking cannot substitute for testing, combining the tools may provide a comprehensive overview of the physiological demands and performance during competition contextualized to the athletes’ maximal exercise capacity.
This study aimed to bridge the gap in the literature on real-world analyses of coaches’ approaches to planning. A 12-week qualitative case study of a Spanish canoeing coach was carried out to examine the relationship between long- and short-term planning, analyze adaptations made to the original designs, and thus, enhance current understanding of this dialogue in a specific real-life context. To achieve this purpose, the first author followed the participant during training sessions in an unobtrusive manner, recording any relevant topic related to the research goal in the form of field observation notes. Weekly semistructured interviews were also carried out. Data were examined through thematic analysis, and two main themes were identified: (a) interplay and tension management between short- and long-term planning and (b) the dynamic tension between club and national team planning. Findings observed that the coach’s application of concepts related to planning usually had to be adapted. Indeed, external factors and demands obligated the coach to attribute more emphasis to short-term planning, despite the existence of a long-term plan. Moreover, findings established the need to understand sports planning as a micropolitical process, influenced by external pressures, organizational demands, and the constraints generated by sports practitioners.
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