Building Black Privatopias

Kahrl, Andrew W.

doi:10.5149/northcarolina/9781469628721.003.0004

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…These processes of extraction eat away at one of the few wealth-generating opportunities that recently became available to communities of color: homeownership (Jackson, 1985). They represent a long-continuation of white efforts, from Redemption onward (see Du Bois, 1992/1935; Kahrl, 2016/2012, 2016; Thornton, 1982), of using taxation as a vehicle to circumvent progressive racial change. States in the South and elsewhere erected a stratified tax code prior to the “post-Civil Rights era,” subjecting communities of color to exclusive forms of taxation that whites were not required to pay (Cruden, 1969).…”

Section: Social Mechanisms Of the Racial Tax Statementioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of the Racial Tax State

Henricks

Seamster

2016

Critical Sociology

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The relationship between taxation and structural racism is both understudied and undertheorized. Our article introducing the following symposium is a starting point to address this gap, proposing that “a racial tax state” structures the US tax system. Grounded by contemporary race theory, we show how this seemingly innocuous and bureaucratic procedure is structured by and reproduces racial inequality. Far from a neutral and even-keeled practice, taxation is a political tool imbued with stereotypes, values, and emotions to carry out and justify acts of taking. To suggest future directions for this area of research, we propose five initial mechanisms the racial tax state deploys to codify racialized inequalities of socially-defined rewards and penalties: enfranchisement, hoarding, abatement, extraction, and redistribution. We provide both historical and contemporary examples of these mechanisms, drawing especially on the symposium’s contributors, to show patterns in tax contestation and restructuring at moments in which racial justice seemed possible.

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Section: Social Mechanisms Of the Racial Tax Statementioning

confidence: 99%

“… 6. The over-assessment of black communities has a deep history that dates back to the dawn of black landownership in America (Kahrl, 2016/2012). …”

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confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of the Racial Tax State

Henricks

Seamster

2016

Critical Sociology

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“…Contributions by Stanonis (2014), and Kahrl (2016, 2018), among others, offer important context in this regard. They capture the complexities of Black community formation as African Americans have negotiated complex and changing structures of racial discrimination, showing how ostensibly non-racialized beach leisure was historically far from.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In light of this “hydrophilic turn”, which largely celebrates what being in and around blue space can do for, and to, our health and wellbeing, there are growing calls for a focus on the wider social and political settings within which relationships with blue space are framed and produced (Bell et al, 2019; Foley et al, 2019). A small number of important contributions examining the more problematic and complex dimensions of blue spaces have shown they can be experienced through pollution (Evers, 2019), with fear and dislike (Pitt, 2019) and as sites of marginalization (e.g., Kahrl, 2016, 2018; Stanonis, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segregation and the Sea: Toward a Critical Understanding of Race and Coastal Blue Space in Greater Miami

Phoenix

Bell

Hollenbeck

2020

Journal of Sport and Social Issues

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There is a growing body of research signaling the health and wellbeing benefits of being in blue space. Here, we advance this intellectual agenda by critically examining perceptions and experiences of coastal blue space among residents of a disadvantaged, predominantly African American community who report limited engagement with their local coastal blue space, despite beachgoing being considered mainstream by a previous generation. Drawing on focus group data and sensitized to a range of theoretical perspectives aligned with race, space, and social class, we advance theoretical and empirical knowledge pertaining to blue space engagement. In doing so, we demonstrate the need for more critically informed, theoretically appropriate research in this area, which connects individual stories of the sea to the wider historical, social, and political settings in which relationships with blue space are framed and (re)produced.

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“…Historically, water has been utilized to perpetuate racial discrimination (Dawson, 2010; D. Johnson, 2007), causing a rippling effect seen in the lack of Black representation in competitive swimming (Kahrl, 2016; National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), 2020; Norwood et al, 2014). This can first be seen from a historical standpoint, as water was used for navigation of Blacks during the slave trade, giving many current Black individuals a negative symbolic connotation with water that dates back to the days of slavery (Dawson, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reifying Contemporary Versions of Liquified Racism: Black Representation in Competitive Swimming

Peavy

Shearer

2021

Journal of Sport and Social Issues

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Throughout history, water as a tool for racialized oppression has been in constant evolution. From utilizing water as a passage to transport slaves, to using fire hoses as a form of punishment toward Black people, liquified racism is a concept we coined to represent past and present racial discrimination through the use of water. In this paper, we conducted a critical content analysis of the USA swim team and the swim team pages of the top ten Division I men’s and women’s college swimming programs to uncover how liquified racism is prominent within these contexts. Findings suggest that Blackness is racialized, tokenized, and perpetually silenced on swimming websites. We argue that Black individuals lacking representation in this sport, along with discourse surrounding competitive swimming, ultimately promotes whiteness, racial hierarchies, and an illusion of postracism.

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Building Black Privatopias

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Mechanisms of the Racial Tax State

Mechanisms of the Racial Tax State

Segregation and the Sea: Toward a Critical Understanding of Race and Coastal Blue Space in Greater Miami

Reifying Contemporary Versions of Liquified Racism: Black Representation in Competitive Swimming

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