Building as a virtual power plant, magnitude and persistence of deferrable loads and human comfort implications

Royapoor, Mohammad; Pazhoohesh, Mehdi; Davison, P.; Patsios, Charalampos; Walker, Sara

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109794

Cited by 44 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Sci. 2021, 11, 8248 2 of 14 as well as systematically considering irrigation systems [9], buildings [20], electric vehicles [21] and power-to-gas [22]. Yi et al considered VPP scheduling including day-ahead bidding and real-time operation to maximize economic benefits [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk-Based Virtual Power Plant Implementation Strategy for Smart Energy Communities

2021

Applied Sciences

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This paper focuses on a virtual power plant (VPP) implementation strategy for smart local energy communities (SECs) with energy service providers. It is difficult to balance energy in the implementation stage due to uncertainties in demand and resources. Therefore, VPP implementation was modeled using the risk factor of energy balance. Using this risk factor, it was shown that the temporal correlation between demand and resources was the dominant factor involved in VPP implementation. Based on this, two risk-based VPP implementation strategies are proposed: an optimization-based strategy and a simple strategy that is solved in an iterative way. To minimize VPP implementation costs, the proposed strategies select the resources that have high correlation coefficients with demand and low correlation coefficients with other resources. Experimental results using real data sets show that the proposed strategies based on the risk factor are effective means of VPP implementation for commercial and residential SECs. The results imply that VPPs for commercial SECs are possible when PV is used as the main resource and is supplemented by wind, and it is effective to configure VPPs for residential SECs using wind according to the correlation between demand and resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk-Based Virtual Power Plant Implementation Strategy for Smart Energy Communities

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…This will help the VPP to participate effectively in the WEM to maximize the benefits to the customers and the VPP owner. Controllable loads such as heat pumps and air conditioning systems can provide flexibility to the customer to participate in demand response (DR) programs, which will contribute to the electricity cost reduction to the customers [24] and to the reduction of capital investment in the local utility [25]. One of the effective ways of engaging customers in DR programs is through the gamification of participation as discussed in detail in [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Monitoring and Control System for Virtual Power Plants for Enabling Customer Engagement and Market Participation

et al. 2021

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To integrate large-scale renewable energy into energy systems, an effective participation from private investors and active customer engagement are essential. Virtual power plants (VPPs) are a very promising approach. To realize this engagement, an efficient monitoring and control system needs to be implemented for the VPP to be flexible, scalable, secure, and cost-effective. In this paper, a realistic VPP in Western Australia is studied, comprising 67 dwellings, including a 810 kW rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system, a 700 kWh vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), a heat pump hot water system (HWS), an electric vehicle (EV) charging station, and demand management mechanisms. The practical and detailed concept design of the monitoring and control system for EEBUS-enabled appliances, and also for the PV and VRFB system, with smart inverters, is proposed. In addition, a practical fog-based storage and computing system is developed to enable the VPP owner to manage the PV, VRFB, and EV charging station for maximizing the benefit to the customers and the VPP owner. Further, the proposed cloud-based applications enable customers to participate in gamified demand response programs for increasing the level of their engagement while satisfying their comfort level. All proposed systems and architecture in this paper have the capability of being implemented fully and relevant references for practical devices are given where necessary.

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“…MG focuses on regional balance of distributed load and power supply to achieve energy autonomy. VPP focuses on realizing the maximum benefit of the main body and has the derivative function of participating in the power market and auxiliary service market [8]. Liu et al [9] have provided a distributed robust energy management scheme for a system composed of multiple MGs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable Reputation Review and Secure Energy Transaction of Microgrid Community Based on Hybrid Blockchain

Zhang

Liang

2021

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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A growing number of prosumers have entered the local power market in response to an increase in the number of residential users who can afford to install distributed energy resources. The traditional microgrid trading platform has many problems, such as low transaction efficiency, the high cost of market maintenance, opaque transactions, and the difficulty of ensuring user privacy, which are not conducive to encouraging users to participate in local electricity trading. A blockchain-based mechanism of microgrid transactions can solve these problems, but the common single-blockchain framework cannot manage user identity. This study thus proposes a mechanism for secure microgrid transactions based on the hybrid blockchain. A hybrid framework consisting of private blockchain and consortium blockchain is first proposed to complete market transactions. The private blockchain stores the identifying information of users and a review of their transactions, while the consortium blockchain is responsible for storing transaction information. The block digest of the private blockchain is stored in the consortium blockchain to prevent information on the private blockchain from being tampered with by the central node. A reputation evaluation algorithm based on user behavior is then developed to evaluate user reputation, which affects the results of the access audit on the private blockchain. The higher a user’s reputation score is, the more benefits he/she can obtain in the transaction process. Finally, an identity-based proxy signcryption algorithm is proposed to help the intelligent management device with limited computing power obtain signcryption information in the transaction process to protect the transaction information. A system analysis showed that the secure transaction mechanism of the microgrid based on the hybrid blockchain boasts many security features, such as privacy, transparency, and imtamperability. The proposed reputation evaluation algorithm can objectively reflect all users’ behaviors through their reputation scores, and the identity-based proxy signcryption algorithm is practical.

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Building as a virtual power plant, magnitude and persistence of deferrable loads and human comfort implications

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

Risk-Based Virtual Power Plant Implementation Strategy for Smart Energy Communities

Risk-Based Virtual Power Plant Implementation Strategy for Smart Energy Communities

Advanced Monitoring and Control System for Virtual Power Plants for Enabling Customer Engagement and Market Participation

Reliable Reputation Review and Secure Energy Transaction of Microgrid Community Based on Hybrid Blockchain

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