Building Applications, Opportunities and Challenges of Active Shading Systems: A State-of-the-Art Review

Dakheel, Joud Al; Aoul, Kheira Anissa Tabet

doi:10.3390/en10101672

Cited by 96 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…These systems can allow or block solar radiation access into the interior space by adjusting a device installed either inside or on the building skin. Dakheel & Aoul classify active shading systems into three main categories as shown in Figure 2 [11]. Loonen et al, highlight the potential of a``selective approach'', in that energy-efficient envelopes can be designed by adopting form and skin, the latter being the 'selective filter' between the outdoor and the indoor environment.…”

Section: Adaptive Facades and Smart Glazingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Smart Glazing for Occupant Well-Being and Reduced Energy Load in a Central-Mediterranean Climate

Magri

Buhagiar

Overend

2019

KSS

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The ever-increasing aesthetically driven demand for fully glazed façades poses a design challenge; not least in controlling the cooling demand and occupant well-being of such buildings, especially in a central Mediterranean climate. This paper outlines the ever-important need to design for occupants and for designers to keep in mind, first and foremost, occupant well-being rather than aim solely to create energy-efficient buildings. The original objective of buildings was to provide shelter. Today however, the need for occupant comfort and its direct effect on productivity cannot be ignored. This need, therefore, ought to feature a central role in any building design. Studies show that occupant well-being is directly related to a range of environmental factors, particularly daylight distribution, glare and indoor air temperature. The use of external shading devices and more commonly, indoor blinds are often the adopted approaches to attempt to achieve indoor occupant comfort, often to the detriment of views. Adaptive facades seek to address the need to somehow strike a balance between occupant comfort and energy efficiency. These facades range from exterior and interior shading devices with varying control strategies, to the different forms of adaptive/switchable glazing technologies intended to control the visual light transmittance and solar radiation transmitted into a building’s interior. In the opinion of the authors, electrochromic glazing has a great potential in a cooling-dominated central Mediterranean climate, to achieve a compromise between occupant visual and thermal comfort whilst retaining unobstructed outdoor views at all times. Research shows that the potential benefits of electrochromic glazing have not yet been studied enough in real-life scenarios,and this paper further introduces the objectives for field study within two identical offices, having a South-South-East orientation, located in a central Mediterranean climate.

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Section: Adaptive Facades and Smart Glazingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Smart Glazing for Occupant Well-Being and Reduced Energy Load in a Central-Mediterranean Climate

Magri

Buhagiar

Overend

2019

KSS

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“…Hereafter, these data will be provided not only by the embedded sensors on devices being controlled, but also by data collected on other devices and even in other networks. These significant data will be shared among the devices in the same context by the Internet, through the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, allowing even more crucial precise decisions [8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IoT-Enabled Gas Sensors: Technologies, Applications, and Opportunities

Gomes

Rodrigues

Rabêlo

et al. 2019

JSAN

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Ambient gas detection and measurement had become essential in diverse fields and applications, from preventing accidents, avoiding equipment malfunction, to air pollution warnings and granting the correct gas mixture to patients in hospitals. Gas leakage can reach large proportions, affecting entire neighborhoods or even cities, causing enormous environmental impacts. This paper elaborates on a deep review of the state of the art on gas-sensing technologies, analyzing the opportunities and main characteristics of the transducers, as well as towards their integration through the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. This should ease the information collecting and sharing processes, granting better experiences to users, and avoiding major losses and expenses. The most promising wireless-based solutions for ambient gas monitoring are analyzed and discussed, open research topics are identified, and lessons learned are shared to conclude the study.Technologies to sense gases and wireless communications support are elaborated in Sections 5 and 6, respectively. The most promising solutions in terms of sensing methods and IoT-enabled solutions are discussed in Section 7 and open research topics are identified. Lessons learned are shared at Section 8 and, finally, Section 9 concludes the study. Background on Environmental GasesSome gases are the key to ensure the functionality of systems and entire industries, as well as the presence of other gases being a problem in other fields, causing the loss of entire production lines, as in the food industry, or even cause the loss of lives and explosions. In this section, the most important gases in terms of pollution monitoring and control, health issues, and accident prevention are listed with their main characteristics.Oxygen (O 2 ) is the most important gas for life, and is crucial in numerous fields. Patients under anesthesia, or recovering from surgery and from certain diseases need controlled O 2 doses to keep them alive and fully recovered. The decrease of oxygen levels in enclosed spaces can be related with other gases leakage, which would lead people inside these spaces to asphyxiate, leading to an unconscious state, or even to death [29]. Numerous industrial processes rely on the correct concentration of this gas to achieve the best results, mainly chemical and combustion, which without the correct percentages will not grant the best performance of systems. Engine control systems depend on the correct mixture to achieve the expected performances, whether it is lower fuel consumption or power and speed [29][30][31][32].Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a colorless, odorless gas, generated by the oxidation and combustion of hydrocarbon, as well as by living beings in the respiration process. It is a key gas for the greenhouse effect, and the increase of its levels, in the presence of other gases, is related with atmospheric pollution. It is also the key gas on the oxygen production by the photosynthesis process. The accumulation of this gas in enclosed spaces can be responsible to s...

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“…In order to mitigate this incidental heat gain, daylighting is supplied in a diffused manner through light troughs, light shelves, light ducts and optical fiber [15], [16]. Alternatively, various coatings such as Kristalbond [17] are used besides low emissivity/electrochromic glass, double/triple glazing and sun shading devices are used to reduce the transmission of energy through glass into the building [18], [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration in Using Algae to Enhance Indoor Environment in the Tropical Climate

Ismail

Al-Obaidi

2019

2019 2nd Asia Conference on Energy and Environment Engineering (ACEEE)

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This paper discusses an exploration in algae application as a sun shading device for buildings. Four basic algae photobioreactors were constructed to investigate the effectiveness of Chlorella species to reduce direct sunlight transmission and solar heat gain in the Tropical climate of Kuala Lumpur. From the experiment, algae flat panel photobioreactor with direct carbon dioxide supply manage to reduce up to 44.9% of heat gain due to solar radiation on average. The overall solar transmission was also reduced to only 25% on average. These indicate that algae have the potential to be used as sun shading material for buildings.

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Building Applications, Opportunities and Challenges of Active Shading Systems: A State-of-the-Art Review

Cited by 96 publications

References 122 publications

The Potential of Smart Glazing for Occupant Well-Being and Reduced Energy Load in a Central-Mediterranean Climate

The Potential of Smart Glazing for Occupant Well-Being and Reduced Energy Load in a Central-Mediterranean Climate

IoT-Enabled Gas Sensors: Technologies, Applications, and Opportunities

Exploration in Using Algae to Enhance Indoor Environment in the Tropical Climate

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