Building An Open-source Robotic Stereotaxic Instrument

Coffey, Kevin R.; Barker, David J.; Ma, Sisi; West, Mark O.

doi:10.3791/51006

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Arrays targeting the DLS were constructed with 300 μm spacing between rows and columns, while those targeting the NAc were constructed with 250 μm between rows and 750 μm between columns. Arrays were lowered using a motorised stereotaxic device (Coffey et al ., ) at a rate of 200 μm/min to a depth of 3.9 mm below the surface of the skull for the DLS or 6.7 mm below the skull surface for the NAc. A stainless‐steel ground wire (0.25 mm diameter) with 5 mm of exposed wire was also implanted contralateral to the microwire array 5.5 mm ventral to the skull surface.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological evidence of alterations to the nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral striatum during chronic cocaine self‐administration

Coffey

Barker

Gayliard

et al. 2015

Eur J of Neuroscience

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As drug use becomes chronic, aberrant striatal processing contributes to the development of perseverative drug-taking behaviors. Two particular portions of the striatum, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), are known to undergo neurobiological changes from acute to chronic drug use. However, little is known about the exact progression of changes in functional striatal processing as drug intake persists. We sampled single-unit activity in the NAc and DLS throughout 24 daily sessions of chronic, long-access cocaine self-administration and longitudinally tracked firing rates (FR) specifically during the operant response: an upward vertical head movement. A total of 103 neurons were held longitudinally and immunohistochemically localized to either NAc Medial Shell (n=29), NAc Core (n=30), or DLS (n=54). We modeled changes representative of each category as a whole. Results demonstrated that FRs of DLS Head Movement neurons were significantly increased relative to baseline during all sessions, while FRs of DLS Uncategorized neurons were significantly reduced relative to baseline during all sessions. NAc Shell neurons’ FRs were also significantly decreased relative to baseline during all sessions while FRs of NAc Core neurons were reduced relative to baseline only during training days 1-18 but were not significantly reduced on the remaining sessions (19-24). The data suggest that all striatal subregions show changes in FR during the operant response relative to baseline, but longitudinal changes in response firing patterns were observed only in the NAc Core, suggesting that this region is uniquely susceptible to plastic changes induced by abused drugs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological evidence of alterations to the nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral striatum during chronic cocaine self‐administration

Coffey

Barker

Gayliard

et al. 2015

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…The availability of excitotoxins [53] and higher resolution stereotaxic manipulators [54] have greatly improved the specificity and accuracy of the permanent lesion technique. However, this approach is not appropriate for testing specific time-dependent processes, and the differential role of given brain structures in distinct stages of memory processing.…”

Section: Effects By Size Of Permanent Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing rodent hippocampal involvement in the novel object recognition task. A review

Cohen

Stackman

2015

Behavioural Brain Research

464

348

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The novel object recognition (NOR) task has emerged as a popular method for testing the neurobiology of nonspatial memory in rodents. This task exploits the natural tendency of rodents to explore novel items and depending on the amount of time that rodents spend exploring the presented objects, inferences about memory can be established. Despite its wide use, the underlying neural circuitry and mechanisms supporting NOR have not been clearly defined. In particular, considerable debate has focused on whether the hippocampus plays a significant role in the object memory that is encoded, consolidated and then retrieved during discrete stages of the NOR task. Here we analyzed the results of all published reports in which the role of the rodent hippocampus in object memory was inferred from performance in the task with restricted parameters. We note that the remarkable variability in NOR methods across studies complicates the ability to draw meaningful conclusions from the work. Focusing on 12 reports in which a minimum criterion of sample session object exploration was imposed, we find that temporary or permanent lesion of the hippocampus consistently disrupts object memory when a delay of 10 min or greater is imposed between the sample and test sessions. We discuss the significance of a delay-dependent role of the hippocampus in NOR within the framework of the medial temporal lobe. We assert that standardization of the NOR protocol is essential for obtaining reliable data that can then be compared across studies to build consensus as to the specific contribution of the rodent hippocampus to object memory.

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“…Male and female mice (25-30 g) were anesthetized using pentobarbital (50 mg/kg IP), and anesthesia was periodically maintained with a Ketamine/Xylazine cocktail (87.5 mg/kg Ketamine; 12.5 mg/kg Xylazine). Mice were surgically prepared for chronic, extracellular single unit recording as described previously (Barker et al, 2014) using a fully automated stereotaxic instrument (Coffey et al, 2013). Each animal was intracranially injected with 1 lL of AAV-EF1a-FLEX-Chronos-GFP (titer > 3 9 10 12 ) at the following coordinates relative to bregma over 10 min (ML 2.5 mm, AP 0.5 mm, DV À2.75 mm; right side).…”

Section: Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneous processing in the striatal direct and indirect pathways: single body part sensitive type IIb neurons may express either dopamine receptor D1 or D2

Coffey

Nader

Bawa

et al. 2017

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Striatal medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) output through two diverging circuits, the 'direct and indirect pathways' which originate from minimally overlapping populations of MSNs expressing either the dopamine receptor D1 or the dopamine receptor D2. One modern theory of direct and indirect pathway function proposes that activation of direct pathway MSNs facilitates output of desired motor programs, while activation of indirect pathway MSNs inhibits competing motor programs. A separate theory suggests that coordinated timing or synchrony of the direct and indirect pathways is critical for the execution of refined movements. These hypotheses are made testable by a common type of striatal neuron known as type IIb MSNs. Clusters of these MSNs exhibit phasic increases in firing rate related to sensorimotor activity of single body parts. If these MSNs were to reside in only the direct pathway, evidence would be provided that D1 MSNs are 'motor program' specific, which would lend credence to the 'competing motor programs' hypothesis. However, if type IIb MSNs reside in both pathways, evidence would be provided for the 'coordinated timing or synchrony' hypothesis. Our results show that type IIb neurons may express either D1 or D2. This evidence supports the theory that the coordinated timing or synchrony of the direct and indirect pathways is critical for refined movements. We also propose a model in which the direct and indirect pathways act as a differentiator circuit, providing a possible mechanism by which coordinated activity of D1 and D2 neurons may output meaningful somatosensorimotor information to downstream structures.

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Building An Open-source Robotic Stereotaxic Instrument

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Electrophysiological evidence of alterations to the nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral striatum during chronic cocaine self‐administration

Electrophysiological evidence of alterations to the nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral striatum during chronic cocaine self‐administration

Assessing rodent hippocampal involvement in the novel object recognition task. A review

Homogeneous processing in the striatal direct and indirect pathways: single body part sensitive type IIb neurons may express either dopamine receptor D1 or D2

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