Building an International One Health Strain Level Database to Characterise the Epidemiology of AMR Threats: ESBL—AmpC Producing E. coli as An Example—Challenges and Perspectives

Perestrelo, Sara; Amaro, Ana; Brouwer, Michael S.M.; Clemente, Lurdes; Duarte, Ana Sofia Ribeiro; Kaesbohrer, Annemarie; Karpíšková, Renata; Lopez-Chavarrias, Vicente; Morris, Dearbháile; Prendergast, Deirdre M.; Pista, Ângela; Silveira, Leonor; Skarżyńska, Magdalena; Slowey, Rosemarie; Veldman, Kees; Zając, Magdalena; Burgess, Catherine M.; Álvarez, Julio

doi:10.3390/antibiotics12030552

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…The bio-surveillance system based on monitoring the frequency rates of ESBL-positive bacteria, especially E. coli , has become a primary indicator for tracking AMR globally [ 19 ]. This system goes beyond a singular focus by embracing the One Health approach, which considers the interconnectedness of animal, human and environmental health in tackling AMR across these sectors [ 1 , 5 ]. Additionally, it facilitates direct comparisons of AMR prevalence and patterns across various regions worldwide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Genetic Determinants in Gram-Negative Fecal-Microbiota of Wild Birds and Chicken Originated at Trimmu Barrage

Saeed,

Khan,

Ehtisham-ul-Haque

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) give rise to resistance against penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics in multiple bacterial species. The present study was conducted to map genetic determinants and related attributes of ESBL-producing bacteria in three wild aquatic bird species and chickens at the “Trimmu Barrage” in district Jhang, Punjab province, Pakistan. To study the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria, a total of 280 representative samples were collected from wild bird species; cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis), little egrets (Egretta garzetta) and common teals (Anas crecca) as well as from indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) originating from a local wet market. The isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers using a double disc synergy test (DDST) and bacterial species were identified using API-20E and 20NE strips. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect ESBL genetic determinants and for genus identification via 16S rRNA gene amplification. A phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for ESBL-producing isolates against 12 clinically relevant antibiotics using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequence data obtained in this study and comparative sequence data obtained from GenBank. The overall prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria was 34.64% (97/280). The highest percentage (44.28%; 31/70) of ESBL-producing bacteria was recovered from chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), followed by little egrets (Egretta garzetta) (41.43%; 29/70), common teal (Anas crecca) (28.57%; 20/70) and cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) (24.28%; 17/70). Five different ESBL-producing bacteria were identified biochemically and confirmed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which included Escherichia coli (72; 74.23%), Enterobacter cloacae (11; 11.34%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8; 8.25%), Salmonella enterica (4; 4.12%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2; 2.06%). Based on PCR, the frequency of obtained ESBL genes in 97 isolates was blaCTX-M (51.55%), blaTEM (20.62%), blaOXA (6.18%) and blaSHV (2.06%). In addition, gene combinations blaCTX-M + blaTEM, blaTEM + blaOXA and blaCTX-M + blaSHV were also detected in 16.49%, 2.06% and 1.03% of isolates, respectively. The ESBL gene variation was significant (p = 0.02) in different bacterial species while non-significant in relation to different bird species (p = 0.85). Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequence data confirmed the existence of CTX-M-15 and TEM betalactamases. The average susceptibility of the antibiotics panel used was lowest for both Klebsiella pneumoniae (62.5% ± 24.42) and Salmonella enterica (62.5% ± 31.08) as compared to Enterobacter cloacae (65.90% ± 21.62), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (70.83% ± 33.42) and Escherichia coli (73.83% ± 26.19). This study provides insight into the role of aquatic wild birds as reservoirs of ESBL-producing bacteria at Trimmu Barrage, Punjab, Pakistan. Hence, active bio-surveillance and environment preservation actions are necessitated to curb antimicrobial resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been categorized among the top ten lead threats of public health significance by the World Health Organization (WHO) [ 1 ]. AMR-associated global human mortality is expected to rise to the hefty figure of 10 million per annum by 2050 as compared to 0.7 million in 2019 [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Genetic Determinants in Gram-Negative Fecal-Microbiota of Wild Birds and Chicken Originated at Trimmu Barrage

Saeed,

Khan,

Ehtisham-ul-Haque

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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“…showed that K. pneumoniae in all LMICs tends to exhibit ESBL resistance mechanisms, CP as well as combined genotypes, and these cause a greater burden on the healthcare system, especially as there are cases where healthy people are reservoirs of enzyme-producing bacteria, but also because they are the most frequently isolated bacteria encountered in hospital settings (10,17,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This research gains significance, especially after WHO listed pathogens in 2017 that urgently demand new antibiotics to combat infections. Notably, ESKAPE pathogens account for over 70% of deaths attributed to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) (17,26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Public health problem and resistant bacteria in lowand middle-income countries

IACONI,

FERDOHLEB,

BALAN

et al. 2023

OH&RM

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Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance has been declared a major public health problem. As a result of excesive antibiotic usage, it became an environmental issue. This problem is now more visible in Low-and Middle-Income Countries, where it increases the social burden. One of the newest methods to fight antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) is by using bacteriophages. Aim Identification and characterization of possible phage targets from waterland. Material and methods The strains were obtained from inpatients and identified using VITEK 2 Compact and culture. The resistance profiles were determined by disk diffusion method and interpreted according to EUCAST metodology. The presence of resistance mechanisms was checked by phenotypic testing. 31 bacterial strains were selected for research. Results K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., S. aureus, E. coli and Enterococcus spp. were identified. The resistance profile of the isolates showed: 61,5% of K. pneumoniae isolates were PDR, and 23,1% were susceptible only to Carbapenems. E. coli strains were XDR, 71,4% of P. aeruginosa and 75% of Acinetobacter spp. were PDR bacteria. The susceptibility profile of S. aureus strains showed that 3/4 were resistant to Cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones. Conclusions Combating the AMR phenomenon starts with knowing the pathogens present in the environment. This study is the cornerstone for further research that will ultimately lead to finding suitable phages for water treatment in Moldova, hoping they will reduce the economic and social burden and also, environmental contamination.

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“…ESBLs and pAmpCs are a public health concern as bacteria become non-susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins, resulting in increased use of last-resort antibiotics, such as carbapenems, and treatment failures (16). Domestic animals, wildlife and the environment commonly harbor ESBLs/AmpCs and are considered reservoirs and vehicles for the spread of these resistances (17). While there is still a limited understanding of the frequency of transmission of resistance between livestock and humans, and a recent study has shown that the main source of ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli carriage in humans is acquired within the community, transmission to and from non-human sources is still considered important (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance and its relationship with antimicrobial use on Austrian dairy farms

Werner,

Käsbohrer,

Wasner

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli and the resistance pattern of commensal E. coli, as well as the link between the use of antibiotics (AMU) and the occurrence of resistance in E. coli on Austrian dairy farms. AMU data from 51 farms were collected over a one-year period in 2020. Fecal samples were collected from cows, pre-weaned and weaned calves in 2020 and 2022. Samples were then analyzed using non-selective and selective agar plates, E. coli isolates were confirmed by MALDI-TOF analysis. Broth microdilution was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The AMU of each farm was quantified as the number of Defined Daily Doses (nDDDvet) and Defined Course Doses (nDCDvet) per cow and year. Cephalosporins (mean 1.049; median 0.732 DDDvet/cow/year) and penicillins (mean 0.667; median 0.383 DDDvet/cow/year) were the most frequently used antibiotics on these farms, followed by tetracyclines (mean 0.275; median 0.084 DDDvet/cow/year). In 2020, 26.8% of the E. coli isolated were resistant to at least one antibiotic class and 17.7% of the isolates were classified as multidrug resistant (≥3 antibiotic classes). Out of 198 E. coli isolates, 7.6% were identified as extended-spectrum/AmpC beta-lactamase (ESBL/AmpC) producing E. coli. In 2022, 33.7% of E. coli isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic and 20.0% of isolates displayed multidrug resistance. Furthermore, 29.5% of the samples carried ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli. In 2020 and 2022, the most frequently determined antibiotic resistances among commensal E. coli isolates were to tetracyclines, sulfonamides and penicillins. In addition, pre-weaned calves had the highest resistance rates in both years. Statistical analyses showed a significant association between low and high use AMU classifications for penicillins (in nDDDvet/cow/year) and their respective resistance among commensal E. coli isolates in 2020 (p = 0.044), as well as for sulfonamide/trimethoprim (p = 0.010) and tetracyclines (p = 0.042). A trend was also noted between the total amount of antibiotics used on farm in 2020 (by nDDDvet/cow/year) and multidrug resistances in commensal E. coli isolated on farm that year (p = 0.067). In conclusion, the relationship between AMU and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on dairy farms continues to be complex and difficult to quantify.

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Building an International One Health Strain Level Database to Characterise the Epidemiology of AMR Threats: ESBL—AmpC Producing E. coli as An Example—Challenges and Perspectives

Cited by 4 publications

References 70 publications

Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Genetic Determinants in Gram-Negative Fecal-Microbiota of Wild Birds and Chicken Originated at Trimmu Barrage

Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Genetic Determinants in Gram-Negative Fecal-Microbiota of Wild Birds and Chicken Originated at Trimmu Barrage

The Public health problem and resistant bacteria in lowand middle-income countries

Antimicrobial resistance and its relationship with antimicrobial use on Austrian dairy farms

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