Building a welfare system through bounded learning: A case of Korean long‐term care insurance

Abstract

This article verifies three conditions in its aim to confirm the influence of Japan's experience on the introduction timing and policy model of South Korean long-term care insurance (LTCI). First, the LTCI systems in Korea and Japan agree in terms of their core principles. Both are based on a separate social insurance system and ensure financial sustainability at the expense of service quality in response to the need to elevate expenditure. Second, the policymaking process reveals the reference relationship between the two systems. The advocacy coalition for LTCI suggested introducing an LTCI based on Japan's experience. However, their rationale was constrained due to the bounded rationality of policy learning. Finally, this article demonstrates that the rival arguments cannot completely explain the introduction of the Korean LTCI without considering the bounded learning argument. Consequently, the results of this study indicate that policy learning is critical to welfare development in latecomer welfare states.

Beyond the flying geese? New patterns, actors, and contestations of policy transfer in East Asia

“…In other cases, foreign models have been studied and considered together with national experiences to facilitate and legitimize their importation, as well as to reduce the risks implied by the adoption (Richard Watanabe, 2015;Romano, 2020). Still in other cases, approaches and ideas coming from close East Asian countries have been welcomed and studied as suitable solutions ; see also She, 2023), given the geographical proximity, the presence of similar governance challenges and even fascination for specific models ; see also Yun & Kim, 2023). Therefore, a focus on policy transfers in this region allows us to study how history and international relations may matter in transfer dynamics, introducing research foci that have begun to be considered in the policy transfer literature (see Acharya, 2004;Legrand, 2012Legrand, , 2016.…”