Building a human cortex: the evolutionary differentiation of Cajal‐Retzius cells and the cortical hem

Meyer, Gundela

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01266.x

Cited by 89 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…As already mentioned, the first generated neurons, C-R and SP cells are located respectively in the presumptive Layer 1 and the SP zone of the human cortical anlage [66,98,99]. Specific to human, the SP zone is the largest transient compartment of the fetal neocortical anlage, about four times thicker than the cortical plate around midgestation [66,100].…”

Section: Specificities Of the Human And Primate Cerebral Cortexmentioning

confidence: 86%

Sculpting Cerebral Cortex with Serotonin in Rodent and Primate

Vitalis¹,

Verney²

2017

Serotonin - A Chemical Messenger Between All Types of Living Cells

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The mammalian cerebral cortex is critical for sensory and motor integrations and, for higher-order cognitive functions. The construction of mammalian cortical circuits involves the coordinated interplay between cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural and glial cell subtypes followed by accurate connectivity evolving in complexity in primates. Alteration in cortical development may induce the emergence of various pathological traits and behaviours. Among the large array of factors that regulate the assembly of cortical circuits, serotonin (5-HT) plays important role as a developmental signal that impacts on a broad diversity of cellular processes. 5-HT plays distinct roles during specific sensitive periods and is produced from various sources depending on the perinatal stage. Its roles are mediated by more than fourteen 5-HT receptors that are all G-protein coupled receptors except the ionotropic 5-HT type 3A receptor (5-HT 3A ) mediating rapid neuronal activation. Importantly, 5-HT metabolism and signalling are influenced by numerous epigenetic and genetic factors, including nutrition and gut microbiota, perinatal stress, infection and inflammation. In this review, we will recapitulate some evidences showing that dysregulation of 5-HT homeostasis and 5-HT 3A signalling impairs distinct steps of cortical circuit formation leading to the predisposition of the onset of various psychiatric diseases.

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Section: Specificities Of the Human And Primate Cerebral Cortexmentioning

confidence: 86%

Sculpting Cerebral Cortex with Serotonin in Rodent and Primate

Vitalis¹,

Verney²

2017

Serotonin - A Chemical Messenger Between All Types of Living Cells

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show abstract

“…Gundela Meyer has shown that the earliest cortical structure, the preplate, has a more complex structure in humans than in rodents (Meyer, 2007(Meyer, , 2010 in this issue) (Fig. 3B,C).…”

Section: Human-specific Aspects Of the Earliest Stages Of Cortical Dementioning

confidence: 87%

Renewed focus on the developing human neocortex

2010

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Many specifically human psychiatric and neurological conditions have developmental origins. Rodent models are extremely valuable for the investigation of brain development, but cannot provide insight into aspects that are specifically human. The human brain, and particularly the cerebral cortex, has some unique genetic, molecular, cellular and anatomical features, and these need to be further explored. Cortical expansion in human is not just quantitative; there are some novel types of neurons and cytoarchitectonic areas identified by their gene expression, connectivity and functions that do not exist in rodents. Recent research into human brain development has revealed more elaborated neurogenetic compartments, radial and tangential migration, transient cell layers in the subplate, and a greater diversity of early-generated neurons, including predecessor neurons. Recently there has been a renaissance of the study of human brain development because of these unique differences, made possible by the availability of new techniques. This review gives a flavour of the recent studies stemming from this renewed focus on the developing human brain.

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“…12 th to 14 th week: S100-positive astrocytes appear in the fimbria and hippocampus (Janas et al 1991), the subpial granular layer (SGL), containing CRCs, is formed (Gadisseaux et al 1992;Meyer 2010) and the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ) can be distinguished . 15 th to 21 st week: CRCs and SGL cells descend to a deeper position within the marginal zone (MZ) (Meyer 2010). The superficial part of the subpial glial end feet layer has not yet transformed into a subpial glia limitans, which occurs at 25 th to 28 th wpc (Kadhim et al 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 th to 11 th week: The intermediate zone (IZ) and subplate (SP) can be separated by different markers (Bystron et al 2008) and microglia appear in the telencephalon (Rezaie et al 2005). 12 th to 14 th week: S100-positive astrocytes appear in the fimbria and hippocampus (Janas et al 1991), the subpial granular layer (SGL), containing CRCs, is formed (Gadisseaux et al 1992;Meyer 2010) and the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ) can be distinguished . 15 th to 21 st week: CRCs and SGL cells descend to a deeper position within the marginal zone (MZ) (Meyer 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Barriers and a Subpopulation of Astroglial Progenitors of Developing Human Forebrain Are Immunostained for the Glycoprotein YKL-40

Bjørnbak

Brøchner

Larsen

et al. 2014

J Histochem Cytochem.

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SummaryYKL-40, a glycoprotein involved in cell differentiation, has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, angiogenesis, neuroinflammation and glioblastomas. We evaluated YKL-40 protein distribution in the early human forebrain using double-labeling immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity was detected in neuroepithelial cells, radial glial end feet, leptomeningeal cells and choroid plexus epithelial cells. The subpial marginal zone was YKL-40-positive, particularly in the hippocampus, from an early beginning stage in its development. Blood vessels in the intermediate and subventricular zones showed specific YKL-40 reactivity confined to pericytes. Furthermore, a population of YKL-40-positive, small, rounded cells was identified in the ventricular and subventricular zones. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed strong YKL-40 mRNA expression in the leptomeninges and the choroid plexuses, and weaker expression in the telencephalic wall. Immunohistochemistry revealed a differential distribution of YKL-40 across the zones of the developing telencephalic wall. We show that YKL-40 is associated with sites of the brain barrier systems and propose that it is involved in controlling local angiogenesis and access of peripheral cells to the forebrain via secretion from leptomeningeal cells, choroid plexus epithelium and pericytes. Furthermore, we suggest that the small, rounded, YKL-40-positive cells represent a subpopulation of astroglial progenitors, and that YKL-40 could be involved in the differentiation of a particular astrocytic lineage. (J Histochem Cytochem 62:369-388, 2014)

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Building a human cortex: the evolutionary differentiation of Cajal‐Retzius cells and the cortical hem

Cited by 89 publications

References 61 publications

Sculpting Cerebral Cortex with Serotonin in Rodent and Primate

Sculpting Cerebral Cortex with Serotonin in Rodent and Primate

Renewed focus on the developing human neocortex

Brain Barriers and a Subpopulation of Astroglial Progenitors of Developing Human Forebrain Are Immunostained for the Glycoprotein YKL-40

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