Building a Digital Wind Farm

Hewitt, Sam; Margetts, Lee; Revell, Alistair

doi:10.1007/s11831-017-9222-7

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…Coupling between weather models and large‐eddy simulations has received much attention lately, and is rapidly becoming accepted (e.g. Muñoz‐Esparza et al ., ; Sanz Rodrigo et al ., ; Hewitt et al ., ). These developments make such a study possible in the near future.…”

Section: Anomalous Wind Events In Wind Atlasesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Quality of wind characteristics in recent wind atlases over the North Sea

Kalverla

Holtslag

Ronda

et al. 2020

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Offshore wind energy production is rapidly growing as an essential element in the sustainable energy share. Wind energy siting studies require accurate wind data, and in particular the knowledge of extreme wind events (low-level jets, wind ramps, extreme shear and high wind speeds) is crucial for resource and load assessment. This study evaluates the skill of three relatively new wind atlases, i.e. ERA-5, DOWA and NEWA on the representation of extreme wind events using observations taken at the Met Mast IJmuiden over the North Sea.Overall, DOWA appears to best represent the wind speed profile with virtually no bias. ERA-5 underestimates the mean wind speed profile though the wind shear is well represented, while NEWA correctly represents the near surface wind but underestimates the wind shear. The frequency of low-level jets are also best represented by DOWA. Wind speed ramps and direction ramps are best represented by ERA-5, while DOWA appears to outperform the others concerning wind shear.

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Section: Anomalous Wind Events In Wind Atlasesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Quality of wind characteristics in recent wind atlases over the North Sea

Kalverla

Holtslag

Ronda

et al. 2020

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Coupling between weather models and large-eddy simulations has received much attention lately, and is rapidly becoming accepted (e.g. Muñoz-Esparza et al, 2014;Sanz Rodrigo et al, 2017;Hewitt et al, 2018). These developments make such a study possible in the near future.…”

Section: Wind Extremesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of wind characteristics in recent wind atlases over the North Sea

Kalverla

Holtslag

Ronda

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Many wind energy applications rely on engineering models that simulate the interaction between the wind and the turbine(s). These models often represent the wind in an idealised fashion, which introduces uncertainties that translate into financial risk for investors.Over the past four years, we investigated these uncertainties by re-evaluating common assumptions about the (offshore) wind field, studying the physics that govern winds in coastal areas, evaluating the representation of offshore winds in weather models, and proposing alternative methods to represent the offshore wind climate in engineering models.Uncertainties in the wind climate were studied through a number of &#8216;anomalous wind events&#8217;. An important and illustrative example is the low-level jet, which can substantially impact power production and wind loads on the turbine. We found that low-level jets occur often over the North Sea. Moreover, numerical weather prediction models struggle to adequately represent this phenomenon. A climatology based only on observations is also biased, because the observations are limited in time and space. Thus, we combined field observations with output of reanalysis products to obtain a reliable climatology.At the 2020 general assembly, we will present a new evaluation of three recent wind atlases over the North Sea: ERA5, The New European Wind Atlas (NEWA), and the Dutch Offshore Wind Atals (DOWA). With virtually no bias, DOWA outperforms the other datasets in terms of the mean wind profile and also in the representation of wind shear. The high resolution offered by DOWA (2.5 km) and NEWA (3 km) leads to substantial improvements in the frequency and the level of detail with which low-level jets are captured. However, the timing of the events is a bit off in NEWA. By contrast, DOWA was produced using continuous three-hourly data-assimilation updates, which imposes a much stronger constraint on the simulations. Consequently, the timing of low-level jets in DOWA is much better represented. This makes for a low-level jet climatology with unprecedented accuracy and detail, facilitating resource assessment and future studies on the characteristics of the offshore wind climate.

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“…This may lead to serious damage to its major parts, such as the yaw motor and yaw gears in the wind turbine nacelle. To reproduce invisible and complicated three-dimensional (3D) airflow structures that occur in the neighborhood of the wind turbines and visually grasp its flow and pattern, an approach based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), such as Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models and large-eddy simulation (LES) turbulence models, is useful [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of Terrain-Induced Turbulence in Complex Terrain Using High-Resolution Elevation Data and Surface Roughness Data Constructed with a Drone

Uchida

2019

Energies

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Using the method based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, two kinds of data can be obtained: the digital elevation model (DEM) for the digital expression of terrain, and the digital surface model (DSM) for the digital expression of the surface of the ground, including trees. In this research, a 3D topography model with a horizontal spatial resolution of 1 m was reproduced using DEM. In addition, using the differences between the DEM and DSM data, we were able to obtain further detailed information, such as the heights of trees covering the surface of the ground and their spatial distribution. Therefore, the surface roughness model and the UAV imagery data were directly linked. Based on the above data as input data, a high-resolution 3D numerical flow simulation was conducted. By using the numerical results obtained, we discussed the effect of the existence of surface roughness on the wind speed at the height of the hub of the wind turbine. We also discussed the effect of the differences in the spatial resolution in the horizontal direction of the computational grid on the reproductive precision of terrain-induced turbulence. As a result, the existence and the vortex structure of terrain-induced turbulence occurring near the target wind turbine was clearly revealed. It was shown that a horizontal grid resolution of about 5 m was required to reproduce terrain-induced turbulence formed from topography with an altitude of about 127 m. By the simulation using the surface roughness model, turbulence intensity higher than class A in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) turbulence category was confirmed at the present study site, as well as the measured data.

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Building a Digital Wind Farm

Cited by 27 publications

References 214 publications

Quality of wind characteristics in recent wind atlases over the North Sea

Quality of wind characteristics in recent wind atlases over the North Sea

Quality of wind characteristics in recent wind atlases over the North Sea

Numerical Investigation of Terrain-Induced Turbulence in Complex Terrain Using High-Resolution Elevation Data and Surface Roughness Data Constructed with a Drone

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