Build up of off-diagonal long-range order in microcavity exciton-polaritons across the parametric threshold

Spano, R.; Cuadra, Jorge; Lingg, C.; Sanvitto, D.; Martin, M. D.; Eastham, P. R.; Poel, Mike van der; Hvam, Jørn Märcher; Viña, L.

doi:10.1364/oe.21.010792

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We do indeed find that the pump strength interval over which power-law decay can be clearly seen is extremely small, and the system quickly enters a regime where coherence extends over the entire system size, as measured in Ref. [43]. This was also observed in nonresonantly pumped experiments when using a single-mode laser [16].…”

Section: First-order Spatial Correlationssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Our findings explain why recent experimental studies, both in the OPO regime [43] as well as for nonresonant pumping [23], experienced noticeable difficulties in investigating the power-law decay of the first-order correlation function across the transition. We do indeed find that the pump strength interval over which power-law decay can be clearly seen is extremely small, and the system quickly enters a regime where coherence extends over the entire system size, as measured in Ref.…”

Section: First-order Spatial Correlationssupporting

confidence: 55%

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Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Two-Dimensional Driven Open Quantum System

et al. 2015

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The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless mechanism, in which a phase transition is mediated by the proliferation of topological defects, governs the critical behavior of a wide range of equilibrium twodimensional systems with a continuous symmetry, ranging from spin systems to superconducting thin films and two-dimensional Bose fluids, such as liquid helium and ultracold atoms. We show here that this phenomenon is not restricted to thermal equilibrium, rather it survives more generally in a dissipative highly nonequilibrium system driven into a steady state. By considering a quantum fluid of polaritons of an experimentally relevant size, in the so-called optical parametric oscillator regime, we demonstrate that it indeed undergoes a phase transition associated with a vortex binding-unbinding mechanism. Yet, the exponent of the power-law decay of the first-order correlation function in the (algebraically) ordered phase can exceed the equilibrium upper limit: this shows that the ordered phase of driven-dissipative systems can sustain a higher level of collective excitations before the order is destroyed by topological defects. Our work suggests that the macroscopic coherence phenomena, observed recently in interacting twodimensional light-matter systems, result from a nonequilibrium phase transition of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless rather than the Bose-Einstein condensation type.

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Section: First-order Spatial Correlationssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: First-order Spatial Correlationssupporting

confidence: 55%

Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Two-Dimensional Driven Open Quantum System

et al. 2015

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“…Only recently, polariton condensation was experimentally confirmed [4] and it paved the way to the study of many collective quantum phenomena in semiconductor microcavities, such as superfluid properties [5][6][7][8][9][10], or macroscopic phase coherence [11][12][13][14][15]. Many of these results were obtained after quasi-resonant excitation at the inflection point of the lower polariton branch (LPB), in the so-called optical parametric oscillator (OPO) configuration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of supercurrents on vortices formation in polariton condensates

Antón¹,

Tosi²,

Martin³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

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Observation of quantized vortices in non-equilibrium polariton condensates has been reported either by spontaneous formation and pinning in the presence of disorder or by imprinting them onto the signal or idler of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Here, we report a detailed analysis of the creation and annihilation of polariton vortex-antivortex pairs in the signal state of a polariton OPO by means of a short optical Gaussian pulse at a certain finite pump wave-vector. A time-resolved, interferometric analysis of the emission allows us to extract the phase of the perturbed condensate and to reveal the dynamics of the supercurrents created by the pulsed probe. This flow is responsible for the appearance of the topological defects when counter-propagating to the underlying currents of the OPO signal. A 21, 367 (2004). 32. For the supercurrent calculations, eventual phase jumps between 0 and 2π, where the gradient of the phase is not well defined, (see, for example the region between the white arrows in the Fig. 3 (a)), are circumvented using ∇Φ s (r,t) = −i∇ exp (iΦ s (r,t)) / exp (iΦ s (r,t)).

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“…A unique advantage of exciton-polariton condensates is that they can be directly accessed with light, so that various properties such as spin, energy, momentum and phase of the excitation photons are mapped onto polaritons. This attribute has been employed in resonant imprinting of coherence on polariton condensates to generate quantized vortices 16 and to demonstrate long temporal coherence in steady-state condensates using narrowband continuous-wave lasers 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced coherence between condensates formed resonantly at different times

et al. 2014

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We demonstrate coherence between exciton-polariton condensates created resonantly at different times. The coherence persists much longer than the individual particle dephasing time, and this persistence increases as the particle density increases. The observed coherence time exceeds that of the injecting laser pulse by more than an order of magnitude. We show that this significant coherence enhancement relies critically on the many-body particle interactions, as verified by its dependence on particle density, interaction strength, and bath temperature, whereas the mass of the particles plays no role in the condensation of resonantly injected polaritons. Furthermore, we observe a large nonlinear phase shift resulting from intra-condensate interaction energy. Our results provide a new approach for probing ultrafast dynamics of resonantly-created condensates and open new directions in the study of coherence in matter.

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Build up of off-diagonal long-range order in microcavity exciton-polaritons across the parametric threshold

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Two-Dimensional Driven Open Quantum System

Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Two-Dimensional Driven Open Quantum System

Role of supercurrents on vortices formation in polariton condensates

Enhanced coherence between condensates formed resonantly at different times

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