Bugs and irritable bowel syndrome: The good, the bad and the ugly

Ghoshal, Uday C; Park, Hyojin; Gwee, Kok‐Ann

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06133.x

Cited by 74 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…It is conceivable to conclude, therefore, that the increased infiltration of immune cells in the terminal ileum, colon and rectum occurs only in a subset of IBS patients. PI-IBS is a subset of IBS that is defined as a sudden onset of IBS symptoms following gastroenteritis in individuals who previously have not had any gastrointestinal complaints (30). PI-IBS however, has also been reported following non-gastrointestinal infections, including respiratory, urinary tract and skin infections (31).…”

Section: Lymphocytes Macrophages and Monocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-grade inflammation in the rectum of patients with sporadic irritable bowel syndrome

Gundersen¹,

Hatlebakk

Hausken

2013

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder that considerably reduces quality of life and is an economic burden on society. The pathogenesis of IBS is unknown. However, intestinal low-grade inflammation has been proposed as one of the factors contributing to the development of IBS. The present study aimed to examine the possible occurrence of low-grade inflammation in the rectum of patients with sporadic IBS. In total, 50 patients (42 females and 8 males with an average age of 34 years) with sporadic IBS fulfilling the Rome III Criteria were recruited for this study. Of these, 30 patients had IBS with diarrhoea as the predominant symptom (IBS-D) and 20 patients had IBS with constipation as the predominant symptom (IBS-C). A total of 27 control subjects (19 females and 8 males with an average age of 53 years) were included. The patients and controls underwent colonoscopy with rectal biopsies. The biopsies were immunostained for total leucocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages and mast cells. The mucosal density of these cells was quantified by computer image analysis. The number of intraepithelial leucocytes and the density of the leucocytes in the lamina propria of the IBS patients did not differ from that of the controls. Similarly, there was no difference in the cell density of the mast cells in the lamina propria between the patients and the controls. The numbers of mucosal lymphocytes, macrophages and monocytes were low in the patients and the controls. These findings oppose low-grade inflammation as a pathogenic factor in sporadic IBS. Low-grade inflammation may, however, play an important role in the pathogenesis of a subset of IBS, namely post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS).

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Section: Lymphocytes Macrophages and Monocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-grade inflammation in the rectum of patients with sporadic irritable bowel syndrome

Gundersen¹,

Hatlebakk

Hausken

2013

Molecular Medicine Reports

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“…In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) there is a significant association between acute daily stress and bowel symptoms 46 . For irritable bowel symptom (IBS) patients stressful life events increase the risk of developing post-infectious IBS and a relation between stress and symptom severity is noticeable 47 .…”

Section: Stress and Intestinal Barrier Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of mast cells and probiotics in the regulation of intestinal barrier function

Carlsson¹

2013

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About the coverThe cover displays immunofluorescence image of intestinal villus epithelium and mast cells. Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI and mast cell tryptase is stained green. The image was acquired on a Zeiss LSM 700.During the course of the research underlying this thesis, Anders Carlsson was enrolled in Forum GIMIICum, faa national research school in gastrointestinal infection and inflammation funded by the Swedish Research Council and based at Linköping University ABSTRACTThe intestinal mucosa is the largest contact area and one of the most important barriers to the outside environment. It is highly specialized in aiding us digest and absorb nutrients. It is daily exposed to several potentially dangerous substances and microorganisms, which if they were allowed to pass into the body, could give rise to diseases. Throughout the small intestine certain sites specialized in antigen sampling are found. These sites are named Peyer's patches and are lymphoid follicles. The epithelium covering the Peyer's patches is called follicle-associated epithelium and is specialized in antigen sampling and uptake. The special epithelium enables presentation of luminal antigen to immune cells in the underlying follicle. Persistent life stress and stressful life events affect the course of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through largely unknown mechanisms. Regulation of epithelial permeability to antigens is crucial for the balance between inflammation and immune-surveillance, and increased intestinal permeability has been shown in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and corticotropin-releasing factor have been implicated as important mediators of stress-induced abnormalities in intestinal mucosal functions in animal models. Both of these mediators have been reported to regulate bowel ion secretion in humans during stress and uptake of horseradish peroxidase in rodents. Probiotics have been shown to ameliorate the deleterious effects of stress on intestinal function, but mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate whether mast cells play an important role in intestinal barrier function during stress and inflammation. Moreover, we wanted to determine whether probiotics can ameliorate the mucosal barrier integrity during stress and inflammation.To study the function of mast cells we conducted in vitro experiments on cell lines and ex vivo experiments in Ussing chambers on mouse, rat and human intestinal tissue. The Ussing chamber technique measures electrophysiological properties of the tissue and also gives the possibility to study transcellular and paracellular passage of markers and bacteria. Immunohistology and confocal microscopy have been used to identify mast cells and receptors of interest.Our results show that stress affects the follicle-associated epithelium barrier by mechanisms involving VIP and mast cells. These findings were corroborated by the localization of VIP receptors on mucosal ...

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“…Malabsorption of carbohydrates may cause increase in the level of hydrogen production, which is associated with diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D) [98]. On the other hand, excess methane gas production is associated with constipation predominant IBS (IBS-C) [96]. A large portion of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease also report symptoms like IBS with no proper inflammation [99].…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Illnesses A) Clostridium Difficile Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An elevation of the level of SCFAs (acetate, butyrate and propionate) leads to acidification of the colon and de-conjugation of bile acid. This in turn may cause significant changes in water and electrolyte transport in the colon which result in diarrhea [96,97]. Malabsorption of carbohydrates may cause increase in the level of hydrogen production, which is associated with diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D) [98].…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Illnesses A) Clostridium Difficile Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commensal Bugs from the Gut-Shaping Human Health and Disease

Chowdhury¹

2014

JIG

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Bugs and irritable bowel syndrome: The good, the bad and the ugly

Cited by 74 publications

References 105 publications

Low-grade inflammation in the rectum of patients with sporadic irritable bowel syndrome

Low-grade inflammation in the rectum of patients with sporadic irritable bowel syndrome

Role of mast cells and probiotics in the regulation of intestinal barrier function

Commensal Bugs from the Gut-Shaping Human Health and Disease

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