Buffered Tree Population Changes in a Quaternary Refugium: Evolutionary Implications

Tzedakis, Polychronis C.; Lawson, Ian T.; Frogley, Michael R.; Hewitt, Godfrey M.; Preece, Richard C.

doi:10.1126/science.1073083

Cited by 563 publications

(482 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The landscape was typically dominated by grasses interspersed with scattered trees, resembling savannas or forest steppes, although presently, there seems to be no precisely similar environment in the world (Rackham, 1998). The pollen record from northern Greece suggests contrasting bioclimatic areas throughout the last glacial period, with certain habitats remaining immune to the extreme effects of Quaternary climate variability, preserving temperate tree populations, and other sites experiencing the pronounced aridity that favored grasses and sagebrush Artemisia (Tzedakis et al, 2002). In a manner similar to the present times, historical European ground squirrels most likely thrived in metapopulations.…”

Section: B Kryštufek Et Almentioning

confidence: 78%

Mitochondrial phylogeography of the European ground squirrel, Spermophilus citellus, yields evidence on refugia for steppic taxa in the southern Balkans

2009

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The spatial genetic structure of the European ground squirrel, a species characteristic of the short-grass steppe, was investigated on the basis of a 1140-bp cyt b gene sequence. The phylogeographical architecture of this species is expected to shed light on the putative long-term presence of the steppic ecosystem in south-eastern Europe and the evolutionary consequences of glacial cycles as forcing factors in speciation. Among 31 haplotypes, three highly divergent phylogenetic lineages (Southern, Northern and Jakupica) were recognized. This result suggests the past existence of an allopatric fragmentation event caused by effective biogeographical barriers. The Southern lineage consisted of the southernmost populations, those from Greece, Macedonia and European Turkey, and showed the highest divergence from all other samples. Haplotypes of the Northern lineage showed little geographical structure, with dispersal on both sides of the Danube River and in both of the two main geographical fragments of the species. The Jakupica lineage is a geographical isolate on a high plateau in central Macedonia. The estimated time for divergence of the Southern lineage (ca. 0.58 Mya) suggests the long-term persistence of a short-grass steppic refugium in the southern Balkans. Although the divergence between the Northern and Jakupica lineages occurred more recently (ca. 0.3 Mya), it still putatively predates two glacial cycles. The three phylogeographical lineages of the European ground squirrel should be regarded as independent units for conservation management purposes.

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Section: B Kryštufek Et Almentioning

confidence: 78%

Mitochondrial phylogeography of the European ground squirrel, Spermophilus citellus, yields evidence on refugia for steppic taxa in the southern Balkans

2009

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“…We purposely focused on intraspecific genetic variation and on the impact of the LGM because more long-term inferences are so far limited and highly speculative (Tzedakis et al 2002). We also concentrated on the impact on demography as inferred from organellar genomes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Ice Ages on the genetic structure of trees and shrubs

Lascoux

Palmé

Cheddadi

et al. 2004

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

116

101

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Data on the genetic structure of tree and shrub populations on the continental scale have accumulated dramatically over the past decade. However, our ability to make inferences on the impact of the last ice age still depends crucially on the availability of informative palaeoecological data. This is well illustrated by the results from a recent project, during which new pollen fossil maps were established and the variation in chloroplast DNA was studied in 22 European species of trees and shrubs. Species exhibit very different levels of genetic variation between and within populations, and obviously went through very different histories after Ice Ages. However, when palaeoecological data are non-informative, inferences on past history are difficult to draw from entirely genetic data. On the other hand, as illustrated by a study in ponderosa pine, when we can infer the species' history with some certainty, coalescent simulations can be used and new hypotheses can be tested.

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“…Taberlet and Cheddadi, 2002). Equally important, however, is the role of refugia in generating biodiversity (Stewart and Lister, 2001;Tzedakis et al, 2002). This role may be particularly important at high latitudes, where the relative effects of refugia on biodiversity generation could be quite large in the absence of non-refugial contributions to these processes: iceand sea-covered landscapes leave little other than refugia for terrestrial species to occupy.…”

Section: High Latitude Biodiversity and Cryptic Refugiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Impacts of Climatic Change on a Beringian Endemic: Cryptic Refugia in the Establishment and Differentiation of the Rock Sandpiper (Calidris Ptilocnemis)

Pruett

Winker

2005

Climatic Change

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Abstract. The importance of climatic change on the establishment and differentiation of high-latitude species is largely unknown. Biological effects of historic climate change can be determined from historic signals in genetic data. The rock sandpiper (Calidris ptilocnemis) is a good test case for examining these biological effects because it has a known sister species, the purple sandpiper (Calidris maritima), and it is the only endemic Beringian bird with multiple described subspecies, suggesting a process of initial establishment and subsequent differentiation in the high-latitude regions of Beringia. We sequenced 2,074 bp of mitochondrial DNA from 40 rock sandpipers from nine breeding locations and four purple sandpipers. We used phylogenetic and coalescence methods to reconstruct trees and to evaluate the population demography, migration rates, and relative times of population divergence. Phylogenetic trees show that purple and rock sandpipers are monophyletic sister species. Within the rock sandpiper, clade branching patterns and coalescence estimates suggest that there were multiple refugial populations in Beringia, which correspond loosely to different glacial cycles. Rock sandpipers show the establishment, persistence, and accumulation of partitioned genetic diversity across several glacial cycles, implicating the presence of multiple cryptic biological refugia in this region through repeated cycles of climate change.

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Buffered Tree Population Changes in a Quaternary Refugium: Evolutionary Implications

Cited by 563 publications

References 21 publications

Mitochondrial phylogeography of the European ground squirrel, Spermophilus citellus, yields evidence on refugia for steppic taxa in the southern Balkans

Mitochondrial phylogeography of the European ground squirrel, Spermophilus citellus, yields evidence on refugia for steppic taxa in the southern Balkans

Impact of Ice Ages on the genetic structure of trees and shrubs

Biological Impacts of Climatic Change on a Beringian Endemic: Cryptic Refugia in the Establishment and Differentiation of the Rock Sandpiper (Calidris Ptilocnemis)

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