Buffer-Gas Loading and Magnetic Trapping of Atomic Europium

Kim, Jinha; Friedrich, Břetislav; Katz, D. P.; Patterson, David; Weinstein, Jonathan D.; deCarvalho, Robert; Doyle, John M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.78.3665

Cited by 107 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…(2) yield g in to be 1.5 ± 0.2 × 10 −10 cm 3 s −1 for Er and 5.7 ± 1.5 × 10 −11 cm 3 s −1 for Tm, with accuracy limited by the density calibration determined from spectra. Both rates are significantly higher than inelastic rates observed for highly magnetic S-state atoms such as Cr, Eu, Mn, and Mo [5,[19][20][21][22]. The spin relaxation rate constants for these species were measured in similar magnetic traps at similar temperatures and found to be 10 −12 cm 3 s −1 , consistent with the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction [8,23] described by…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

Large spin relaxation rates in trapped submerged-shell atoms

Connolly¹,

Au²,

Doret³

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. A

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The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Spin relaxation due to atom-atom collisions is measured for magnetically trapped erbium and thulium atoms at a temperature near 500 mK. The rate constants for Er-Er and Tm-Tm collisions are 3.0 × 10 −10 and 1.1 × 10 −10 cm 3 s −1 , respectively, 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than those observed for highly magnetic S-state atoms. This is strong evidence for an additional, dominant, spin relaxation mechanism, electronic interaction anisotropy, in collisions between these "submerged-shell," L = 0 atoms. These large spin relaxation rates imply that evaporative cooling of these atoms in a magnetic trap will be highly inefficient.

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supporting

confidence: 63%

Large spin relaxation rates in trapped submerged-shell atoms

Connolly¹,

Au²,

Doret³

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. A

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“…We extract physical parameters of the atom cloud, such as atom number, temperature, and state distribution, by fitting the observed atomic optical density spectrum to a simulation [21,24] of the optical absorption of the trapped atoms. To accurately simulate the spectrum, we specify all the related spectroscopic parameters for the transition: the isotopic distribution and frequency shifts, Landé g factors, and groundand excited-state quantum numbers and hyperfine constants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We estimate the expected Dy relaxation rates from measurements of inelastic rates for atoms whose reorientation is dominated by magnetic dipolar relaxation. Using data from trapped Cr at 200 mK [20] and Eu at 160 mK [21] we compare our measured rate constant of g R = 1.9 ± 0.5 × 10 −11 cm 3 s −1 to the expected g Dy = 3.2 × 10 −13 and 1.1 × 10 −12 cm 3 s −1 scaled for temperature and magnetic moment from Eu and Cr, respectively. Our measured Zeeman relaxation rate is one to two orders of magnitude larger than these estimated magnetic dipolar relaxation rates, suggesting that dipolar relaxation is not solely responsible for this fast decay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We observe inelastic magnetic moment reorientation rates for both Ho and Dy that are at least an order of magnitude larger than expected due to the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction. Comparison of these rates to other buffer gas cooled atoms [20][21][22] suggest that anisotropic electrostatic interactions dominate the inelastic collision cross section for these open-shell atoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Magnetic relaxation in dysprosium-dysprosium collisions

Newman

Brahms

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. A

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The collisional magnetic reorientation rate constant g R is measured for magnetically trapped atomic dysprosium (Dy), an atom with large magnetic dipole moments. Using buffer gas cooling with cold helium, large numbers (>10 11 ) of Dy are loaded into a magnetic trap and the buffer gas is subsequently removed. The decay of the trapped sample is governed by collisional reorientation of the atomic magnetic moments. We find g R = 1.9 ± 0.5 × 10 −11 cm 3 s −1 at 390 mK. We also measure the magnetic reorientation rate constant of holmium (Ho), another highly magnetic atom, and find g R = 5 ± 2 × 10 −12 cm 3 s −1 at 690 mK. The Zeeman relaxation rates of these atoms are greater than expected for the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction, suggesting that another mechanism, such as an anisotropic electrostatic interaction, is responsible. Comparison with estimated elastic collision rates suggests that Dy is a poor candidate for evaporative cooling in a magnetic trap.

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“…Presently, suitable laser systems are not available in the VUV region for laser cooling. Alternative methods for producing cold atoms, including surface-contact cooling (for H atoms only 4 ), Zeeman deceleration 5,6 , and buffer gas cooling 7 have been applied to various species and recently the formation of a BEC of metastable helium atoms has been demonstrated using a combination of buffer gas cooling and evaporative cooling 8 . Some of these techniques could in principle be applied to halogen atoms too, but there have been no such studies to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of cold bromine atoms at zero mean velocity by photodissociation

Doherty

Bell

Softley

et al. 2011

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The production of a translationally cold (T o 1 K) sample of bromine atoms with estimated densities of up to 10 8 cm À3 using photodissociation is presented. A molecular beam of Br 2 seeded in Kr is photodissociated into Br + Br* fragments, and the velocity distribution of the atomic fragments is determined using (2 + 1) REMPI and velocity map ion imaging. By recording images with varying delay times between the dissociation and probe lasers, we investigate the length of time after dissociation for which atoms remain in the laser focus, and determine the velocity spread of those atoms. By careful selection of the photolysis energy, it is found that a fraction of the atoms can be detected for delay times in excess of 100 ms. These are atoms for which the fragment recoil velocity vector is directly opposed and equal in magnitude to the parent beam velocity leading to a resultant lab frame velocity of approximately zero. The FWHM velocity spreads of detected atoms along the beam axis after 100 ms are less than 5 ms À1 , corresponding to temperatures in the milliKelvin range, opening the possibility that this technique could be utilized as a slow Br atom source.

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Buffer-Gas Loading and Magnetic Trapping of Atomic Europium

Cited by 107 publications

References 11 publications

Large spin relaxation rates in trapped submerged-shell atoms

Large spin relaxation rates in trapped submerged-shell atoms

Magnetic relaxation in dysprosium-dysprosium collisions

Production of cold bromine atoms at zero mean velocity by photodissociation

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